语法精讲:动词不定式做宾语补足语(在线收听

  动词不定式在句子中可以用作宾语补足语,高中范围内,常用的“动词+宾语+不定式”的句子结构中。不定式作宾语补足语的有以下八种类型:(下列句子中划线部分作宾语补足语)

  一、许多动词可跟一个宾语 + to do…构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语;否定形式为“动词+宾语+not to do…”。例如:
  My boss told me to type out two letters.
  分析:句中“My boss”做主语,“told”作谓语,“me”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。
  They forbade her to leave the country.
  Please remind me not to be late for the meeting.
  高中范围内,适用于“动词+宾语+(not)to do…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,direct,encourage,expect,forbid,force,invite,order,permit,persuade,remind,re- quest,require,teach,tell,want,warn等。
  二、有些动词可跟“宾语+to be…”构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如:
  I consider him to be the best candidate.
  分析:句中“I”做主语,“consider”作谓语,“him”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。
  I know him to be a liar.
  I suppose him to be away from home.
  高中范围内,适用于“动词+宾语+to be…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:consider,declare,discover,feel,find,suppose等。
  三、有些动词(感官动词和使动词)后可跟不带to的不定式构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如:
  He saw her enter the room.
  分析:句中“He”做主语,“saw”作谓语,“her”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。
  She won't let me do it.
  I heard her lock the door.
  We watched the children play games.
  高中范围内,适用于“动词+宾语+do…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:feel,have,hear,let,make,notice,observe,see,watch等。还有两个词组:listen to,look at.
  注意:这类句子变为被动结构时,不定式前加to。请看下列句子,句中划线部分作宾语补足语。例如:
  A child was seen to enter the building.
  She was often heard to sing this song.
  四、help后的不定式可加to,也可不加to(美国人不加to时较多),但被动结构中要加to。例如:
  I'll help you(to) push the cart.
  分析:句中“I”做主语,“will help”作谓语,“you”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。
  上句的被动语态为:You'll be helped to push the cart.
  五、有些“动词+介词”的结构后也可跟不定式构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如:
  He shouted to me to come over.
  分析:句中“He”做主语,“shouted”作谓语,“to”为介词,“me”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下列句子,句子的结构为“动词+介词+宾语+to do…”,划线部分为不定式,作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。
  I depend on you to do it.
  I am counting on you to help me through.
  高中范围内,适用于“动词+介词+宾语+to do…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:shout to sb.to do,call on sb. to do,count on sb. to do,depend on sb. to do,wait for sb. to do等。
  六、作宾语补足语的不定式,表示的动作在谓语所表示情况之前发生,就需要用完成形式:
  He was known to have worked for the International Olympic Committee.
  分析:句中“He”做主语,“was known”作谓语,使用了被动语态。由句意可知,“为国际奥委会工作”发生在前,“大家知道”发生在后。故不定式部分用完成形式,在句中作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。
  They are believed to have discussed the problem.
  七、作宾语补足语的不定式,表示一个正在进行的动作时需用进行形式:
  He is believed to be living in Mexico.
  分析:句中“He”做主语,“isbelieved”作谓语,使用了被动语态。由于句子表达主语现在正在发生的情况,故用不定式的进行形式,句中划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下列句子。
  Thousands were reported to be working in concentration camps.
  He is thought to be hiding in the woods.
  间或不定式作宾语补足语也可用于完成进行时。例如:
  She is said to have been doing this work for twenty years.
  八、不定式作宾语补足语的被动形式:
  he didn't want her son to be taken away.
  分析:句中“She”做主语,“didn't want”作谓语,“her son”作宾语,由于“her son”与“take away”之间为被动关系,故用被动形式,句中划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下列句子。
  I'd like this room to be redecorated.
  He didn't wish the subject to be mentioned in the letter.
  ■练习:
  1.They knew her very well.They had seen her ___ up from childhood.(1988全国)
  A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow
  2.The teacher asked us ___ so much noise.(2003北京)
  A.don't make B.not make C.not making D.not to make
  3.My advisor encouraged ___ a summer course to improve my writing skills.(2004北京)
  A.for me taking B.me taking C.for me to take D.me to take
  4.The flu is believed ___ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.(2004上海)
  A.causing B.being caused C.to be caused D.to have caused
  5.-Is Bob still performing?
  -I'm afraid not.He is said ___ the stage already as he has become an official.(2005江苏)
  A.to have left B.to leave C.to have been left D.to be left
  6.The mother felt herself ___ cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield.(2006上海)
  A.grow B.grown C.to grow D.to have grown
  7.Energy drinks are not allowed ___ in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.(2006上海)
  A.to make B.to be made C.to have been made D.to be making
  答案:
  1.A 2.D 3.D 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.B
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