VOA慢速英语2016 去做检查是控制艾滋病的第一步（在线收听）

Getting Tested Is First Step In Controlling HIV/AIDS 去做检查是控制艾滋病的第一步

From VOA Learning English, this is the Health & Lifestyle report.

这里是“美国之声”慢速英语《健康与生活》节目。

The International AIDS Conference is being held this week (July 18 – 22) in Durban, South Africa. It is the largest conference on HIV related issues.

国际艾滋病大会本周（7月18日——22日）在南非德班召开。这是关于艾滋病议题的最大规模会议。

A diagnosis of HIV/AIDS is no longer a death sentence. There is no cure but improvements in treatments have made the disease manageable. But it is only manageable if those infected can get treatment.

艾滋病的诊断不再是死亡判决书。虽然不能治愈，但是在治疗方法上的进步却使得这种病可以控制。不过，如果感染者得到治疗，也仅仅是能够控制住病情而已。

Getting tested for HIV is simple and fast. Results come in just about five minutes.

艾滋病毒的检测简单快捷。五分钟就可以出结果。

VOA recently visited NovaSalud in Falls Church, Virginia. The organization works to reduce the risk of HIV/AIDS and other diseases passed through sex. These are called sexually transmitted diseases, or STDs.

“美国之声”最近探访了在维吉尼亚州瀑布教堂市的NovaSalud组织。该组织致力于减少艾滋病和其他通过性行为传播的疾病的风险。这些都叫作“性传播疾病”（STD）。

A man calling himself Rigo is also at the site. He is there to be tested. He says "It is important because one never knows what is going on with their partner" or partners in the past.

一个自称里戈的男人也在现场。他正在做检测。他说“这是很重要的，因为一个人不知道伴侣身上发生了什么，以及伴侣过去发生过什么。”

A woman is also getting tested. She says, "For me it’s very important to do an HIV test because we take care of our family and friends. Because if you don’t know, how would you know if you are infecting a loved one?"

一个女人也在做检测。她说，“对我来说做艾滋病检测是很重要的，因为我们要照顾家人和朋友。因为你要是不做的话，你就不知道你爱的人是不是被你感染了。”

HIV/AIDS is both treatable and preventable. People who have the AIDS virus can live normal lives as long as they stay on treatment.

艾滋病可治疗、可预防。只要坚持治疗，携带艾滋病毒的人可以像正常人那样生活。

Tom Frieden is director of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. He says the number of AIDS cases has gone down in most parts of U.S. society.

汤姆·弗里登是美国疾病控制与预防中心主任。他说在美国社会的很多地方，艾滋病的病例数量已经下降了。

“We’ve seen huge decreases in heterosexual transmission -- more than two-thirds -- 80% reductions, generally. We’ve seen the huge decreases in injection drug use as a cause of transmission. But among young men who have sex with men, we’ve seen increases in HIV infections.”

“我们已经看到，异性之间的传播有了很大幅度的下降——下降超过了三分之二，总体上达到了80%。我们看到因为注射毒品而造成的传播有了大幅度的下降。但是在和同性发生性行为的年轻男性里面，我们发现艾滋病感染率有所上升。”

Rodney McCoy is Program Coordinator and Health Educator at NovaSalud. He says the numbers show that in the U.S. gay and bisexual Latino men are most at risk. He adds that there are similar trends among African-Americans.

罗德尼·麦考伊是NovaSalud的项目协调人和健康教育工作者。他说数据显示美国男性拉丁裔同性恋者和双性恋者的风险是最高的。他补充说，黑人群体中也有相似的趋势。

Women of childbearing age and young, black, gay and bisexual men seem to most at risk for HIV, for new cases of HIV infections. And then when we look at who progresses from HIV on to AIDS, again blacks and Latinos are most at risk for that.

“从新增病例来说，育龄女性、年轻人、黑人、同性恋者和双性恋者是艾滋病的高发人群。从携带者变成艾滋病人，也是黑人和拉丁裔人群风险最高。”

McCoy says openly recognizing that there is a stigma connected to HIV/AIDS is an important first step.

麦考伊说，公众广泛意识到对艾滋病的污名化，是很重要的第一步。

The first thing we do is we acknowledge that there is a stigma.

“我们做的第一件事是，我们要承认，污名化确实存在。”

A stigma is a disapproving and often unfair belief that a society or group have about something. The power of stigma keeps people around the world from being tested and getting treatment.

“污名化”是一种不认同，是社会或者群体对某事物不公平的看法。正是污名化使得世界上的人们不敢去做检测、不敢去接受治疗。

Rodney McCoy and other public health professionals say HIV testing has to become a usual part of health care.

罗德尼·麦考伊和其他公共卫生专家认为，艾滋病的检测应该成为医疗保健的常规项目。

If you go to the doctor to get your blood work for cholesterol, for high blood pressure. Why not start including HIV and STDs?

“如果医生抽你的血用来检测胆固醇和高血压，为什么不能用来检测艾滋病和性传播疾病呢？”

The goal everywhere is to get to the point where:

总体上的目标如下：

90 percent of those with HIV know it,90 percent of the infected get treatment and 90 percent of those people reduce the virus in their blood so much that it can’t be found.The theory is that this will end AIDS as a global public health threat by 2030.

90%艾滋病毒携带者了解这种病；90%感染者能够得到治疗；90%的病人能够把血液中的病毒减少到检测不出来的程度；理论上到2030年前，艾滋病将不再是全球公共卫生威胁。

Words in This Story

sexually transmitted disease – n. medical : any one of various diseases that a person can get by having sex with a person who has the disease

similar – adj. almost the same as someone or something else

trend – n. the general movement over time of a statistically detectable change

childbearing – adj. of or relating to the process of conceiving, being pregnant with, and giving birth to children

gay – adj. sexually attracted to someone who is the same sex

bisexual – adj. sexually attracted to both men and women

heterosexual – adj. of, relating to, or involving sexual intercourse between individuals of opposite sex

transmission – n. the act or process by which something is spread or passed from one person or thing to another

blood work – n. the diagnostic testing of blood

cholesterol – n. a substance that is found in the bodies of people and animals