英语四级考试必备语法知识(在线收听

   非谓语动词与独立主格:短语,句子(或者句子,短语)

  当短语部分有独立主语,并且该主语不同于句子主语,这时短语结构称为独立主格。(它最明显的特点是短语部分有独立的主语)。
  独立主格的结构1:名词(代词)+ 分词 [现在分词、过去分词]
  现在分词表示主动的,正在进行的行为;过去分词表示被动的,已经完成的行为。 作题时要通过判断动作与名词(代词)之间的关系来确定是使用现在分词还是过去分词。当动作由名词(代词)发出时使用现在分词,而名词(代词)是受动者时则用过去分词。
  1. Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper _B_ it closely。
  A followed B following C to follow D being followed
  2. All things _A_, the planned trip will have to be called off。
  A considered B be considered C considering D having considered
  call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四级中的考点就是现在分词和过去分词的区别。
  独立主格的结构2:with + 名词(代词)+ 分词 [句子当中作状语]
  3. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school。
  A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged
  as well as 和(相当于and); be encouraged不会考。
  动词不定式有预示将来行为的含义。to be encouraged 将要被鼓励;
  been encouraged 已经被鼓励完了,与主句的谓语动词相对;being encouraged 正在被鼓励
  短语部分没有独立主语,则短语结构称为非谓语动词。
  非谓语动词的结构:分词(分词短语)
  句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作,则使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出,则使用过去分词。
  1.No matter how frequently _A_, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences。
  A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
  perform vt. 表演,演出,演奏;
  to be performed 将要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
  一些特殊的动词:
  第一点:forget 忘记; [反义] remember 记得;
  这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进行的行为;这两个词后加动词ing形式表示已经做过的事情。
  注意:动名词与现在分词形式一样,但含义不同。这两个词后加动词ing形式都是动名词。
  forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事;
  remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 记得做过某事;
  2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble。
  A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
  offer vt. 提出,提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth。
  him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正确。
  以上就是英语四级考试必备语法知识的全部内容,预祝各位英语四级取得好成绩。
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