模仿文本： We tend to think there are two types of reasoning: deduction, where we move with logical certainty from general principles to a particular conclusion, as in "all swans are white, this is a swan, so this must be white"; and induction, where we move from particular observations to general principles, as in "all the swans that have ever been seen are white, so all swans are white". 

 

译文： 我们倾向于认为有两种推理：演绎法，即从普遍原理推导出个别结论，具有逻辑必然性，比如“所有的天鹅都是白色的，这是一只天鹅，所以它必须是白色的”；和归纳法，即从个别现象推导出普遍结论，比如“所有被发现的天鹅都是白色的，所以所有天鹅都是白色的”。