考研英语长难句讲解 第72期(在线收听

 20. Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced.

【分析】简单句。句子主干为 the researchers studied the dynamics。介词短语 of social influence 作 dynamics 的后置定语; by conducting 为方式状语,Building on 和 manipulating 都作伴随状语,其中分词短语 relating to 后接两个由 and 连接的宾语,且两个宾语后都有不定式作后置定语。
【译文】机遇人际间相互影响的基本事实,通过对人口的数千次计算机模拟,运用许多与人类影响他人的能力和被影响的可能性相关的因素,研究人员研究了社会影响的动力因素。
【点拨】dynamic 作形容词时,意为“充满活力的,精神充沛的;动力的,动态的;发展变化的;力学的”等;作名词时,意为“活力;动力;动态,力学”等。本句中用作名词“动力,动力因素”。
21. Those rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price massagers and regulators would like them to fetch.
【分析】多重复合句。句子主干为 Those rules say...,后面 they must value some assets 是省略 that 的宾语从句作 say 的宾语。宾语从句中介词短语 at the price...作状语,逗号后面的内容是对前面 price 的补充说明,两个都由省略 price 的定语从句修饰。
【译文】这些规则要求,银行必须以第三方愿意支付的价格来估量某些资产,而非管理和监管人员所希望这些资产能够获得的价格。
【点拨】fetch “接来,取来;使发出;售得,卖得(某价钱)”,本句中意为“售得,卖得(某价钱)”。
语法拓展
伴随状语是指状语的动作伴随主句发生,其逻辑主语一般情况下必须是全句的主语,它所表达的动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或存在。伴随状语的表示方法有以下几种情况:
1)用分词形式。例如:The dog entered the room, following his master.狗跟着主人进了屋。
2)用 复合结构。例如:The little girls were playing with snow with their hands frozen red. 小女孩们在玩雪,手都冻红了。
3)用独立主格结构。例如:The little boy goes to school, the little dog accompanying him every day. 这个小男孩去上学的时候这条小狗每天都陪伴着他。
4)用形容词。例如:He left home young and came back old.他少小离家老大回。
5)用名词。例如:He went away a beggar but returned a millionaire. 他讨吃要饭离家,腰缠万贯回归。
6)用介词短语。例如:I went home out of breath. 我上气不接下气地回了家。
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