they simply replied that they are poor wheat and apple farmers who didn't have the money to buy materials, and this digging out was their most logical form of living. 他们只是很简单的告诉我，他们是种小麦和苹果的穷农民，没钱买材料，而这种挖窑洞是他们最符合逻辑的居住方式。

From Makoko to Zabbaleen, these communities have approached the tasks of planning, 从马卡卡到扎巴林，这些社区解决了规划，

design and management of their communities and neighborhoods in ways that respond specifically to their environment and circumstances. 设计的任务，并总结了一套管理社区和邻里的的方法，以一种特别针对他们的环境和实际情况的方式。

Created by these very people who live, 由那些居住，

work and play in these particular spaces, 工作，生活在这种特殊空间的人们创造而成， 

these neighborhoods are intuitively designed to make the most of their circumstances. 这些社区是由人们本能地设计来最大利用他们的生活环境。

In most of these places, the government is completely absent, leaving inhabitants with no choice but to reappropriate found materials, 这些大多数地方，政府完全没有管理，因此让居民没有选择只能重新利用现成的材料，

and while these communities are highly disadvantaged, 虽然这些社区的环境十分恶劣，

they do present examples of brilliant forms of ingenuity, 他们却真的显示出一种杰出的创造力，

and prove that indeed we have the ability to adapt to all manner of circumstances. 证明我们确实有能力 适应不同的生存环境。

What makes places like the Torre David particularly remarkable is this sort of skeleton framework where people can have a foundation where they can tap into. 让像托雷大卫这样的地方尤其突出的就是这种框架建筑,让人们可以有一个能够进入改造的基础。

Now imagine what these already ingenious communities could create themselves, 设想这些已经很有创造力的社区可以创造出什么，

and how highly particular their solutions would be, 而他们的解决方案将有多么特别，

if they were given the basic infrastructures that they could tap into. 假如他们拥有使他们可以进入的基本的设施。

Today, you see these large residential development projects which offer cookie-cutter housing solutions to massive amounts of people. 今天，你看到这些大型的房屋住宅建设工程给大量的人提供千篇一律的住房解决方案。

From China to Brazil, these projects attempt to provide as many houses as possible, 从中国到巴西，这些工程试图提供给人们尽可能多的房子，

but they're completely generic and simply do not work as an answer to the individual needs of the people. 但他们完全是大众化的， 并且简单来说不是一个针对人们个体需求的解决方法。

I would like to end with a quote from a friend of mine and a source of inspiration, 我想引用一句话来收尾,它来自于我的一个朋友和一种期望，

Zita Cobb, the founder of the wonderful Shorefast Foundation, 查塔·科巴,出色的Shorefast基金会创始人，

based out of Fogo Island, Newfoundland. 总部在纽芬兰的福戈岛。

She says that "there's this plague of sameness which is killing the human joy," 她说：这里有一种名为相同的瘟疫在杀死人类的快乐，

and I couldn't agree with her more. 而我非常赞同这句话。

Thank you. 谢谢。