美国国家公共电台 NPR There's A Continued Uptick In Violent Crime, According To Federal Survey（在线收听）

STEVE INSKEEP, HOST:

Some other news now - violent crime rates are up for the third year in a row. NPR's Martin Kaste reports on the annual National Crime Victimization Survey.

MARTIN KASTE, BYLINE: Every year, police departments send their crime stats to the FBI, which releases a national report. This isn't that. This is an annual survey which asks Americans about the crimes they've experienced. And as surveys go, it's a big one.

RACHEL MORGAN: We go to about 150,000 households each year, interviewing about 240,000 persons.

KASTE: Rachel Morgan is with the Bureau of Justice Statistics. She says they ask people directly if they've been victims of crimes, even crimes they've never called the cops about.

MORGAN: We have found consistently that about half or less than half of crimes are actually reported to police. So the FBI are getting different numbers than we are.

KASTE: And in the survey for 2018, one number in particular stands out - the rate at which people said that they'd been victims of rape or sexual assault. That number nearly doubled over the previous year. Callie Rennison is a professor at the University of Colorado Denver's School of Public Affairs, and she's an expert in sex crime victimology. She also used to work on the government's Victimization Survey, which she says actually uses a conservative method when collecting rape numbers.

CALLIE RENNISON: I think the fact that even with that conservative estimate, with the fact that most people aren't willing to share these incidents, that we're seeing a significant increase from one year to another is something really worth paying attention to. It says something important.

KASTE: But what this number is saying exactly is hard to pin down. Is this a jump in the total number of sexual assaults or is it a matter of more reporting, a reflection of victims being more willing to talk about these crimes in 2018, at the height of the #MeToo phenomenon?

RENNISON: I think it's both. I think that people are more willing to share this with interviewers - right? - and tell about victimizations they've experienced. But I also think that a part of it could be is that there has been, among some people - I don't know - this idea that grabbing people, which is sexual assault, or raping isn't a big deal. And so we might be seeing just actual more offenses as well.

KASTE: As to the rest of the survey, it shows that victimization rates for other kinds of violent crime are also up slightly. It's the third year that they've gone up, though, which has some conservatives calling for more policing and advocates for criminal justice reform pushing back. John Pfaff is a law professor at Fordham University, and he says you have to put this violent crime rate increase into context.

JOHN PFAFF: Has it gone up for the past two years, three years? Yes. Is that something to keep an eye on? Absolutely. Is it still at almost record lows? Yeah, it's lower than it was in 2012, lower almost about where it was in 2013.

KASTE: Pfaff says when crime rates are historically low, year-to-year increases shouldn't be that surprising. And just because you start to see an upward trend, that should not become an argument against the current movement for criminal justice reform.

Martin Kaste, NPR News.

(SOUNDBITE OF HADOKEN'S "TIME AND THE OBSERVER")