美国国家公共电台 NPR 俄罗斯被世界反兴奋剂机构禁止参加国际大赛4年（在线收听）

The next Olympics are this summer in Tokyo. Russia will not be there. This morning, the World Anti-Doping Agency banned Russia from global sports for the next four years. This is punishment for that country's systemic and widespread athlete doping program. We've got NPR sports correspondent Tom Goldman with us to talk about this decision. Hi, Tom.

TOM GOLDMAN, BYLINE: Good morning.

MARTIN: What more can you tell us about how the Anti-Doping Agency came to this decision?

GOLDMAN: Well, I will tell you that 12 members of the World Anti-Doping Agency, or WADA — we're going to say WADA from now on, 'cause the other is a mouthful — 12 members of the WADA Executive Committee unanimously agreed to these sanctions that the WADA president, Craig Reedie, described as a robust response to the latest Russian infractions.

And if these sanctions stand up to appeal, Russia will be banned for four years from competing and hosting — competing in and hosting prominent global sporting competitions, including Olympics, World Cup, World Championships, Paralympics, Youth Olympic Games. Now, Craig Reedie said the WADA Executive Committee has responded in the strongest possible terms. And this is, in fact, the toughest punishment handed down in this doping scandal, which has been rolling along for about five years.

MARTIN: So what does this mean for Russian athletes who have — I mean, I just have to imagine for many of them, this is a lifelong dream to compete in these next upcoming Olympics.

GOLDMAN: Well, if they have any connection to doping, this means they're out. But, you know, this also means that, you know, when we say that Russia's being banned, not exactly the case because Russian athletes that have no role in this scandal, who are deemed clean, will be able to compete under these sanctions that were approved today. And this is what's happened in the past two Olympics.

Remember, there was a contingent like this at the Rio de Janeiro Summer Games in 2016 and at last year's Winter Olympics in South Korea in Pyeongchang, 168 Russians competed. And they were supposed to be neutral, although it said on the front of their uniforms, Olympic athletes from Russia.

MARTIN: Oh, it did say Russia...

GOLDMAN: Yeah, not so...

MARTIN: ...Even though they're not competing under the Russian flag.

GOLDMAN: Right. Not so neutral, right? So the Russian flag and anthem were banned. And if you remember, after the men won — the Russian men won the Olympic hockey competition, they and their Russian fans in the stands drowned out the Olympic anthem with the banned Russian anthem. It was a here's-what-we-think-of-your-ban moment.

So — and, Rachel, I should add that critics say that this exemplifies Russian attitude — that the country has never admitted the widespread doping system and that the only way to achieve real culture change when it comes to doping to deter Russia is to have a complete ban on Russian athletes, including the innocent ones. That's a tough one. WADA and the International Olympic Committee won't go for that, and WADA did not today, in fact.

MARTIN: Right. So what does happen next? You mentioned an appeal?

GOLDMAN: Oh, yeah. Yeah. Russia has 21 days to appeal this decision to the Court of Arbitration for Sport. It's expected that will happen. As I mentioned, officials in Russia continue to deny wrongdoing and, you know — so it's expected they will appeal. And they may win.

MARTIN: All right. NPR sports correspondent Tom Goldman on this recent decision by the World Anti-Doping Agency to ban Russia from all global sports for the next four years. Tom, thanks. We appreciate it.

GOLDMAN: You bet.

下一届奥运会将于明年夏天在东京举行。俄罗斯将不会参加这届奥运会。今天上午，世界反兴奋剂机构禁止俄罗斯在未来四年参加国际性体育赛事。这是对该国广泛且系统的运动员服用兴奋剂项目进行的处罚。下面我们将连线NPR新闻的体育记者汤姆·古德曼，请他详细介绍这一决定。你好，汤姆。

汤姆·古德曼连线：早上好。

马丁：请你详细介绍一下世界反兴奋剂机构是如何做出这一决定的？

古德曼：世界反兴奋剂机构（以下简称WADA，因为全称又长又拗口）执行委员会的12名成员一致同意这些制裁措施，WADA主席克雷格·里迪称这是对俄罗斯最新违规行为的有力回应。

如果这些制裁措施经得住上诉，那俄罗斯将在未来四年被禁止参加和举行重大国际体育赛事，包括奥运会、世界杯、世界锦标赛、残奥会、青奥会。克雷格·里迪表示，WADA执行委员会做出了最强硬的回应。事实上，这是对这起发酵了约5年的兴奋剂丑闻做出的最严厉处罚。

马丁：这对俄罗斯运动员来说意味着什么，我想象得到，对许多运动员来说，参加即将到来的奥运会是他们毕生的梦想。

古德曼：如果他们服用了兴奋剂，那这意味着他们不能参加奥运会。但你知道，还有一个含义，虽然我们说俄罗斯被禁赛，但事实并非如此，因为依据今天通过的这些制裁措施，与这起丑闻无关的俄罗斯运动员，即被认定为干净的运动员，将能参加奥运会。过去两届奥运会就是如此。

记得吗，干净运动员组成的俄罗斯代表团参加了2016年的里约夏季奥运会，168名俄罗斯运动员参加了去年在韩国平昌举行的冬奥会。他们本来应该以中立运动员的身份参赛，不过他们的制服在胸前标着“来自俄罗斯的奥林匹克运动员”。

马丁：哦，制服上写了俄罗斯。

古德曼：对，不是那么……

马丁：尽管他们不能在俄罗斯国旗下参加比赛。

古德曼：没错。其实并不是那么中立，不是吗？比赛中禁止使用俄罗斯国旗和国歌。你还记得吗，在俄罗斯男子冰球队赢得平昌冬奥会冰球冠军后，球队和看台上的球迷高唱被禁止的俄罗斯国歌，其音量盖过了现场奏响的奥运会会歌。可以说，他们当时在表达“这就是我们对你们的禁令的看法”。

蕾切尔，我要补充一点，批评人士认为，这表明了俄罗斯的态度，即该国从未承认存在广泛的兴奋剂体系，在涉及兴奋剂问题时，唯一能实现真正的文化变革并阻止俄罗斯的方法是，全面禁止俄罗斯运动员参赛，包括那些干净的运动员。而这很难。WADA和国际奥委会不会采取这种措施，事实上WADA今天也没有做出这样的决定。

马丁：好。那接下来会发生什么？你刚提到了上诉？

古德曼：哦对。没错。俄罗斯可以在21天内就这一决定向体育仲裁法庭提起上诉。预计俄罗斯会选择上诉。如我刚才所说，俄罗斯官员仍在继续否认存在不当行为，所以他们会提起上诉。而且他们可能会赢得上诉。

马丁：好。世界反兴奋剂机构最近决定禁止俄罗斯在未来四年参加国际体育赛事，以上是NPR新闻的体育记者汤姆·古德曼就此进行的详细报道。汤姆，谢谢，非常谢谢你。

古德曼：不客气。