PBS高端访谈:艺术品可以加深人与人的了解（在线收听）

JUDY WOODRUFF: Before leaving the White House this afternoon, President Trump handed out a pair of pardons. And the recipients gobbled up the spotlight. Amna Nawaz is back with how this Thanksgiving tradition began.

DONALD TRUMP, President of the United States: I hereby grant you a full and complete pardon.

AMNA NAWAZ: Bread and Butter won't be on the Thanksgiving menu this year, thanks to President Trump. The commander in chief spared Butter in a Rose Garden ceremony, saving the bird from a crummy situation. His wingman Bread also received a presidential pardon. This year's fortunate birds, who hail from North Carolina, became instant celebrities this week, after checking in at the Willard International Hotel in Washington, D.C. This is Bread. He weighs in at 45 pounds, and, according to the White House, likes bluegrass music and college basketball. His heftier counterpart, Butter, weighs 47 pounds. He enjoys sweet potato fries and NASCAR.

DONALD TRUMP: Today, we come together to honor the beautiful feathered friend, the noble turkey.

AMNA NAWAZ: This White House tradition has happened every November for the past quarter-century. But there are some, let's say, ruffled feathers about how it all got started.

BILL CLINTON, Former President of the United States: President Truman was the first president to pardon a turkey.

AMNA NAWAZ: But that's not true. In fact, the Truman Presidential Library says: Truman sometimes indicated to reporters that the turkeys he received were destined for the family dinner table. Truman was actually the first president to receive a turkey from the National Turkey Federation 71 years ago. So, who was the first president to pardon a turkey? Lincoln, it appears, was the first on record. But it was a Christmas turkey that his son had taken a liking to. In 1963, President John F. Kennedy was the first to pardon a Thanksgiving turkey. Despite a sign hanging around the turkey's neck that read " Good eating, Mr. President, Kennedy sent the bird back to the farm". Richard Nixon also gave the birds a reprieve, sending his turkeys to a nearby petting zoo. Ronald Reagan was the first to use the word pardon when he was talking turkey in 1987. The turkey pardoning became formalized in 1989, with President George H.W. Bush.

GEORGE H.W. BUSH, Former President of the United States: Let me assure you, and this fine tom turkey that he will not end up on anyone's dinner table. Not this guy.

BILL CLINTON: This is the eighth I have had the privilege to meet and set free in the Rose Garden.

AMNA NAWAZ: In 2000, Jerry the turkey from Wisconsin sported a White House pass around his neck. Four years later, the Bush administration also had some fun. The names of that year's turkeys were chosen in a vote on the White House Web site.

GEORGE W. BUSH, Former President of the United States: This is an election year, and Biscuits had to earn his spot at the White House. Biscuits and his running mate, Gravy, prevailed over the ticket of Patience and Fortitude.

AMNA NAWAZ: When President Obama pardoned his final turkeys, he said that he wouldn't stop, even after leaving office.

BARACK OBAMA, Former President of the United States: We are going to do this every year from now on.

BARACK OBAMA: No cameras, just us, every year. No way I am cutting this habit cold turkey.

AMNA NAWAZ: President Trump, for his part, couldn't resist bringing politics into today's ceremony.

DONALD TRUMP: They have already received subpoenas to appear in Adam Schiff's basement on Thursday.

AMNA NAWAZ: Bread and Butter will now be sent to Blacksburg, Virginia, to live out the rest of their days at Virginia Tech, home of the HokieBird. For the PBS NewsHour, I'm Amna Nawaz.

JUDY WOODRUFF: As far as I'm concerned, they have all gone to the birds.

朱迪·伍德拉夫：在今天下午离开白宫之前，特朗普总统特赦了2个人。这2个人迅速成为外界关注的焦点。下面请你他那个阿姆纳·纳瓦兹发回的与感恩节传统有关的报道。

唐纳德·特朗普，美国总统：我在此特赦你们两位。

阿姆纳·纳瓦兹：面包和黄油不会出现在今年的感恩节菜单，这多亏了特朗普。总司令在玫瑰花园的仪式上特赦了黄油，让小鸟免于被猎杀的境地这只小鸟的好朋友面包也获得了总统特赦。今年幸运的鸟儿来自北卡州，这些鸟也成了本周关注的焦点，它们在华盛顿特区的威拉德国际酒店落脚了。这只鸟叫面包，它体重是45磅。据白宫说，面包它喜欢蓝草音乐和大学篮球。他的伙伴黄油比他健壮一些，是47磅。面包喜欢吃炸过的甜土豆和NASCAR。

唐纳德·特朗普：今天，我们欢聚一天以庆祝这位满身美丽羽毛的朋友不会成为餐桌上的火鸡。

阿姆纳·纳瓦兹：白宫的特赦传统是每年11月进行，已经延续了25年。但关于这个传统是如何开始的，人们还是有一些误解的。

比尔·克林顿，前美国总统：杜鲁门总统是第一位特赦火鸡的总统。

阿姆纳·纳瓦兹：但这并不是真的。实际上，根据杜鲁门总统图书馆的说法：杜鲁门有时候会跟记者说自己收到的火鸡是会出现在家里的餐桌上的。杜鲁门实际上是第一位从收到火鸡协会送来火鸡的总统，那是71年前的事情。所以，特赦火鸡的第一位美国总统是谁呢？根据记载，林肯是第一位特赦火鸡的总统。那是圣诞节上特赦的一只火鸡，因为林肯和儿子都很喜欢这只火鸡。1963年，约翰·肯尼迪总统是第一位特赦感恩节火鸡的总统。虽然当时火鸡的脖子上挂了一个标识，写着：用餐愉快。但肯尼迪总统还是将这只火鸡送回了农场。理查德·尼克松也赦免了一些火鸡，将他们送到了附近的一个动物园。罗纳德·里根是第一位使用特赦这个词的总统，那是1987年他在讨论火鸡时用到的词。特赦火鸡在1989年正式成为一种传统，时任总统是乔治·布什。

乔治·布什，美国前总统：我向大家担保，这是叫做公火鸡是不会出现在餐桌上的，不管谁被吃，都不会轮到他。

比尔·克林顿：这是我有幸见到的获得特赦并在玫瑰花园得到释放的第8只火鸡。

阿姆纳·纳瓦兹：2000年的时候，来自威斯康星州的名叫杰里的火鸡获得了白宫的特赦。4年后，布什政府也从这项传统中获得了欢乐。那一年获得特赦的火鸡名字是通过白宫官网的投票决出的。

乔治·布什，前美国总统：今年是选举年，小饼干要成为白宫的焦点了。小饼干和竞选伙伴肉汤票数领先于耐心和刚毅。

阿姆纳·纳瓦兹：奥巴马特赦自己的最后一批火鸡时，他说他不会停止脚步，哪怕自己不再是美国总统。

巴拉克·奥巴马，前美国总统：从现在开始，我们每年都要庆祝这个传统。

巴拉克·奥巴马：没有摄像头，只有我们，每年都要如此。我是不会取消这个传统的。

阿姆纳·纳瓦兹：特朗普还是在这项传统中加入了政治的元素。

唐纳德·特朗普：他们已经收到了传唤，周四要出现在亚当的地下室里。

阿姆纳·纳瓦兹：面包和黄油现在要送去弗吉尼亚州的布莱克斯堡了，余生都要在弗吉尼亚理工学院里度过，这里是HokieBird的基地。感谢收听阿姆纳·纳瓦兹发回的《新闻一小时》。

朱迪·伍德拉夫：我了解到的情况是，大家都去看特赦的鸟儿了。