美国国家公共电台 NPR 特朗普与推特纷争升级 总统颁行政令修理社交媒体（在线收听）

This fight between President Trump and Twitter seems to be escalating. Twitter has flagged a tweet from the president about the protests in Minneapolis as violating its rules against glorifying violence. This morning, one of the commissioners of the Federal Communications Commission criticized Twitter, and the White House dug in retweeting the president's Minneapolis tweet. Now, yesterday, the president used his executive powers to crack down on private social media companies. That was in reaction to Twitter adding fact-checking labels to two of the president's tweets that spread false information about mail-in voting. A lot to talk about here with NPR's tech correspondent, Shannon Bond. Shannon, welcome.

特朗普总统与推特之间的争斗似乎正在升级。推特对总统就明尼阿波利斯市抗议活动所发表的推文进行了标记，称其违反推特“美化暴力”的规定。今天早上，联邦通讯委员会的一名委员对推特进行了指责，白宫则坚持立场，转发总统关于明尼阿波利斯市抗议的推文。昨天，总统动用行政权力打击私营社交媒体公司。这是对推特公司将总统两条推文贴上“事实核查”标签的回应，这两条推文传播了涉及邮寄选票的虚假信息。NPR新闻的科技记者香农·邦德将带来详细报道。香农，欢迎你。

SHANNON BOND, BYLINE: Hi, David.

香农·邦德连线：你好，大卫。

GREENE: So can you just start by taking us through this tweet from the president about these protests in Minneapolis, which, of course, sparked by the death of George Floyd in police custody? What happened there?

格林：你能先介绍一下总统就明尼阿波利斯抗议活动发表的推文吗？当然，抗议活动因乔治·弗洛伊德在警方拘押期间死亡而引发。发生了什么？

BOND: That's right. So Trump tweeted calling the protesters thugs and he wrote, quote, "when the looting starts, the shooting starts." And it's that last line that Twitter says breaks its rules against glorifying violence. So it's put this warning label that hides the tweet. Users actually have to click through that label in order to read the tweet. They're blocked from liking it or replying to it. You know, this is a bigger move than just slapping a fact-check on tweets. It hasn't put one of these labels on a Trump tweet before. And you mentioned the White House has retweeted that. I just checked. That tweet has now also been flagged. So this really shows that Twitter is not backing down and clearly neither is Trump.

邦德：没错。特朗普发推称抗议者是暴徒，他写道：“抢劫开始之时，就是开枪之时。”推特公司表示，这则推文中的最后一句话违反了其“美化暴力”的规定。因此，推特贴上警告标签，将这则推文隐藏。用户要点击警告标签才能浏览这则推文。隐藏内容不能点赞也不能回复。相较于将推文贴上“事实核查”标签，这是更大的举措。推特此前从未在特朗普发表的推文上贴过这些标签。你刚才提到，白宫转发了总统的推文。我刚查看了一下。白宫转发的推文现在也被标记了。这明确表明，推特没有退让，当然总统也没有。

GREENE: OK. So one action that the president took was this executive order yesterday. Can you just explain what he's trying to achieve with this here?

格林：好。总统采取的其中一项行动就是昨天发布了行政令。你能解释一下他想用行政令达到什么目的吗？

BOND: Yeah. So this is about a decades-old law that says online platforms of any sort are not legally responsible for most content that people post on them. So that means you can't sue Twitter or Facebook because you don't like what someone posts there. And Trump is trying to poke holes in that legal protection. He says in this case of Twitter, you know, labeling his tweets, the company is acting more like a publisher by making editorial decisions. And therefore, it doesn't deserve this legal immunity. But the experts I spoke with say this executive order is probably not legally going to carry much weight.\

邦德：好。这是一项已有数十年历史的法律，规定任何形式的在线平台都不对人们在其上发布的大部分内容承担法律责任。这意味着你不能因为不喜欢某人发布的内容而起诉推特或脸谱网。特朗普正试图找出这一法律保护中的漏洞。他表示，在推特这一案例中，即为推文贴标签的做法，是在做出编辑决定，这使推特表现得更像是出版商。因此，推特不应该享有这种法律豁免权。但接受我采访的专家表示，这一行政令可能在法律上起不到多少作用。

GREENE: And why is that? Like, are they just saying the president doesn't have the authority to do this?

格林：为什么？他们的意思是总统无权这样做吗？

BOND: Well, they say Congress has the power to change the law, not the president. And this might violate the company's First Amendment rights, which is kind of ironic because this all stems from Trump accusing Twitter of stifling his free speech. Now, the order would put the Federal Communications Commission in the mix here to determine if these platforms should have immunity. I spoke to Jessica Rosenworcel, a Democratic FCC Commissioner, yesterday. She says doing that would turn the agency into, quote, "the president's speech police." But this morning, a Republican commissioner, Brendan Carr, has accused Twitter of punishing the president because it disagrees with his politics. So however this whole fight plays out, it still actually could be a win for the president. I spoke to Kate Klonick. She's a law professor at St. John's University. And here's what she had to say.

邦德：他们表示，有权修改法律的是国会，而不是总统。这可能会侵犯推特公司的第一修正案权利，这有点讽刺，因为这一切都源于特朗普指责推特扼杀他的自由言论。联邦通讯委员会要确定这些平台是否应享有豁免权，但现在，这一行政令使该委员会产生分歧。我昨天采访了联邦通讯委员会民主党委员杰西卡·罗森沃塞尔。她说，这样做会令委员会变成“总统的言论警察”。但今天早上，共和党委员布伦丹·卡尔指责推特因不同意总统的政策而惩罚总统。因此，无论这场斗争如何发展，对总统来说可能都会是一场胜利。我采访了凯特·克洛尼克。她是圣约翰大学的法学教授。下面是她所说。

KATE KLONICK: The president satisfies his base, which believes that there is conservative social media bias out there. And they are happy at the end of the day. And if it doesn't work, it's not Trump's fault. It's basically Congress and the court's fault.

凯特·克洛尼克：总统令其选民基础满意，这些选民认为存在保守的社交媒体偏见。他们最终感到满意。如果不起作用，那也不是特朗普的错。从基本上来说，这是国会和法院的错。

BOND: So she says, you know, depending how this goes, these companies just might not want to engage in this fight. I mean, of course, Twitter definitely still is right now.

邦德：她说，就形势发展来说，这些公司可能根本不想参与这场争斗。当然，推特现在肯定还在争斗之中。

GREENE: Yeah. Well, are companies engaging and reacting to this?

格林：好。各公司有参与其中吗？他们有何反应？

BOND: Well, there's a real divide between I think the companies that are most in the spotlight here, which are Twitter and Facebook. Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg said on Fox News yesterday that he thinks Facebook shouldn't be the arbiter of truth. That's the thing he's been saying for a while now. And Trump has posted many of these same things on Facebook, but they haven't taken any action. That said, Facebook is not supporting the president. And we see, you know, Twitter on the other hand is condemning the executive order as reactionary, as politicized. Jack Dorsey says this is about providing more transparency. So I think we'll keep these — we'll continue to see these divides and tensions widening and playing out through the election.

邦德：我认为最受关注的公司推特和脸谱网之间存在明显的分歧。脸谱网首席执行官马克·扎克伯格昨天接受福克斯新闻台采访时表示，他认为脸谱网不应成为真相的仲裁者。这是他一段时间以来一直在重复的言论。特朗普在脸谱网上发布了许多类似信息，但脸谱网未采取任何行动。也就是说，脸谱网不支持总统。我们看到，另一方面，推特谴责该行政令是反动且政治化的。杰克·多西（推特首席执行官）表示，这涉及提供更多透明度。因此我认为，我们会看到这些分歧和紧张局势继续扩大，并在选举过程中不断发展变化。

GREENE: NPR tech correspondent Shannon Bond for us this morning. Shannon, thanks so much.

格林：以上是NPR新闻的科技记者香农·邦德今天早上带来的报道。香农，非常谢谢你。

BOND: Thank you, David.

邦德：谢谢，大卫。