美国国家公共电台 NPR 俄罗斯批准全球首款新冠疫苗 普京女儿已接种（在线收听）

Russian President Vladimir Putin announced today that his country is the first to approve a vaccine for COVID-19. He named the vaccine Sputnik-V, a nod to the world's first artificial satellite launched by the Soviet Union more than 60 years ago. The Russians say they will start using the vaccine in October, even though they have not run tests to see if it is safe and effective. Joining us to talk about this is NPR science correspondent Richard Harris.

俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京今天宣布，俄罗斯成为全球首个批准新冠肺炎疫苗的国家。他将疫苗命名为“卫星-V”，这是对60多年前苏联发射的全球第一颗人造卫星的肯定。俄罗斯表示，他们将于10月开始疫苗接种工作，尽管他们尚未对疫苗的安全性和有效性进行测试。NPR新闻的科学记者理查德·哈里斯将进行详细报道。

Hi, Richard.

你好，理查德。

RICHARD HARRIS, BYLINE: Hi, Ari.

理查德·哈里斯连线：你好，阿里。

SHAPIRO: Are the Russians really ahead of the pack when it comes to deploying and developing a vaccine for COVID-19?

夏皮罗：在部署和研制新冠肺炎疫苗方面，俄罗斯真的处于领先地位吗？

HARRIS: Certainly not in front of the pack for developing one. There are more than 160 COVID vaccines that are under development. Of those, 28 are currently being tested in humans according to the World Health Organization. And six of those tests are phase 3, that is, studies to show whether a vaccine is, in fact, safe and effective. Those tests involve thousands or tens of thousands of people. The Russians say they have tested their vaccine on just a few dozen individuals. Putin says one of his own daughters was a volunteer as matter of fact. But, you know, they haven't even published any results.

哈里斯：就研发疫苗来说，俄罗斯肯定不处于领先地位。目前有160余种新冠肺炎疫苗正在研发。据世界卫生组织提供的信息，其中28种疫苗正在进行人体试验。这之中有6种疫苗在进行第三阶段试验，即研究疫苗是否安全有效。这些试验涉及成千上万名志愿者。俄罗斯表示，他们只在数十名志愿者身上测试了他们的疫苗。普京说，他的一个女儿是是其中一名志愿者。但是，他们甚至没有公布试验结果。

Dr. Paul Offit, who heads the Vaccine Education Center at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, criticizes the Russians for approving the vaccine without having done those large and crucial phase 3 trials.

保罗·奥菲特博士是费城儿童医院疫苗教育中心主管，他指责俄罗斯在未完成大规模且关键的第三阶段试验的情况下就批准疫苗。

PAUL OFFIT: The notion that they would actually roll this vaccine out into the arms of the Russian public without doing adequate safety and efficacy testing, I think, is shameful.

保罗·奥菲特：我认为俄罗斯在没有对安全性和有效性进行足够测试的情况下，就准备将疫苗推向公众的想法是可耻的。

SHAPIRO: So what's going on here, Richard?

夏皮罗：理查德，这是怎么回事？

HARRIS: Well, Offit's take is this is simply that Russia wants to seize the international spotlight and burnish Russia's image at a time when the world is looking to scientists to rescue us, of course, from the coronavirus epidemic. Offit says that if the Russian vaccine turns out not to work, or, even worse, if it turns out to be harmful, he hopes people won't draw broader conclusions about scientifically valid vaccine development.

哈里斯：奥菲特认为，在全世界都期待科学家将我们从冠状病毒疫情中拯救出去的这个时刻，俄罗斯只是想吸引国际关注，同时美化俄罗斯的形象。奥菲特说，如果结果表明俄罗斯的疫苗没有效果，或更糟糕的是，疫苗被证明有害，他希望人们不要对科学有效地疫苗研制工作得出更广泛的结论。

OFFIT: Hopefully everyone in the world will see this announcement for what it is, which is a purely political announcement made specifically to get attention to Russian scientists and to make people think that Russia is ahead of the game when they're not.

奥菲特：希望全球所有人都看到俄罗斯宣布的消息，这只是一份政治声明，目的是为了引起人们对俄罗斯科学家的关注，并让人们认为俄罗斯在竞争中处于领先地位，但事实并非如此。

HARRIS: Our colleague in Moscow, Lucian Kim, spoke to a Russian scientist who is involved in clinical trials, and she had a similar message. Svetlana Zavidova said she and her colleagues are worried about what her government is doing. They've even asked the authorities to withdraw their approval. She says this is all about winning the international race, being first.

哈里斯：我们在莫斯科的同事卢西安·金采访了一名参与临床试验的俄罗斯科学家，她表达了类似的观点。斯维特拉娜·扎维多娃表示，她和同事对政府的行为感到非常担心。他们甚至要求有关部门撤销批准决定。她说，这一切都是为了赢得国际竞争，成为第一。

SVETLANA ZAVIDOVA: They want to be the first in the world, but it's ridiculous, of course.

斯维特拉娜·扎维多娃：他们想成为世界第一，但这显然是非常荒谬的。

SHAPIRO: I mean, that raises the question of whether it could happen in this country given election year political pressures. Could there be pressure on the Food and Drug Administration to approve a vaccine before we know if it works?

夏皮罗：这引发了一个问题，即考虑到美国选举年面临的政治压力，美国是否也会这样做？美国食品药品监督管理局会不会在我们确定疫苗是否有效前，因压力而批准疫苗？

HARRIS: Yeah. That is a huge concern. And, of course, Ari, if people believe that the vaccine here is being rushed for political reasons, they might decide not to get the shot. And if too many people opt out, the pandemic will simply rage on. In fact, the Food and Drug Administration commissioner and other top officials are sort of doing a charm offensive, trying to promise the public that they won't be pushed by politics, that their work will instead be driven by science. This is something Dr. Fauci has also returned to as a point time and time again, saying trust us; we're not going to just rush this through. And in this country, at least, we can expect to see some of the scientific results that the FDA uses as a basis for approving a vaccine. But the bottom line here is being first shouldn't really be the main concern. We need a vaccine that we can trust, one that is both safe and effective.

哈里斯：好。这是巨大的担忧。当然，阿里，如果人们认为美国疫苗因政治原因而仓促获批，那他们可能决定不接种疫苗。如果选择不接种的人过多，那只会导致疫情继续肆虐。事实上，美国食品药品监督管理局局长和其他高级别官员正在开展魅力攻势，试图向公众保证他们不会受政治影响，他们的工作将由科学驱动。这也是福奇博士多次提到的重点，他说相信我们，我们不会匆忙批准疫苗。至少在美国，我们可以期待看到美国食品药品监督管理局用作批准疫苗依据的科学结果。但最重要的是，成为第一不应该成为主要关注点。我们需要可以信任的疫苗，需要既安全又有效的疫苗。

SHAPIRO: That's NPR science correspondent Richard Harris.

夏皮罗：以上是NPR新闻的科学记者理查德·哈里斯带来的报道。

Thank you.

谢谢你。

HARRIS: Sure.

哈里斯：不客气。