美国国家公共电台 NPR 普京亲自斡旋 助力亚美尼亚与阿塞拜疆达成停火（在线收听）

Russia is stepping in to try and stop a war between two former Soviet republics near its southern border. For the past month, Armenia and Azerbaijan have been fighting over a tiny mountainous region called Nagorno-Karabakh. It's within the borders of Azerbaijan, but the population is predominantly Armenian. The implications of this fight reach far beyond those two small countries.

俄罗斯介入，以试图停止两个前苏联加盟共和国在其南部边界附近的战争。过去一个月，亚美尼亚和阿塞拜疆一直在争夺纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫这个小山区。该地区在阿塞拜疆境内，但人口以亚美尼亚人为主。这场斗争的影响远远超出了这两个小国的国界。

And let's bring in NPR's Lucian Kim from Moscow. Lucian, good morning.

NPR新闻的卢西安·金将从莫斯科和我们连线。卢西安，早上好。

LUCIAN KIM, BYLINE: Good morning.

卢西安·金连线：早上好。

GREENE: So we've seen three cease-fires over the past month or so. They almost — they all failed almost immediately. What is this agreement that's being brokered by the Russians here?

格林：过去一个月左右，该地区达成了三次停火。但所有停火协议几乎瞬间就都宣告失败。俄俄罗斯在该地区斡旋所达成的协议是什么？

KIM: Well, this agreement calls for the immediate cessation of hostilities. And unlike those previous cease-fires you mentioned, it looks like it's sticking. The main reason for that is that Azerbaijan has taken a key town in Nagorno-Karabakh that cuts the region's main supply line to Armenia. So Armenia really was in no position to resist this agreement. Russian President Vladimir Putin went on TV in the wee hours of this morning to make this announcement.

金：协议要求立即停止敌对行动。与你之前提到的那些停火协议不同，这份协议看起来能持续下去。主要原因是阿塞拜疆占领了纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫地区的一个重要城镇，切断了该地区通往亚美尼亚的主要供应线。这使亚美尼亚没有能力抵制这项协议。俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京今天凌晨在电视上宣布了这一消息。

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

（录音档案）

PRESIDENT VLADIMIR PUTIN: (Speaking Russian).

弗拉基米尔·普京总统：（用俄语讲话）。

KIM: So he said that the leaders of Azerbaijan and Armenia had agreed to the cease-fire, that all forces would remain in their current positions and that refugees would be allowed to return to their homes. The agreement will be good for five years and involved 2,000 Russian peacekeepers. This can be seen as a victory for Azerbaijan. The Azerbaijanis were making territorial gains on the ground, and they also had Turkey backing them. This agreement is also a success for Putin because those Russian peacekeepers will now make Russia the critical go-to country in resolving the conflict in the future.

金：他表示，阿塞拜疆和亚美尼亚的领导人已经同意停火，所有部队都将留在他们目前的位置，难民将被允许返回家园。这份协议有效期为五年，将部署2000名俄罗斯维和人员。这可以看作是阿塞拜疆的胜利。阿塞拜疆不仅占领了领土，还得到了土耳其的支持。这项协议对普京来说也是种成功，因为这些俄罗斯维和人员将使俄罗斯成为未来解决冲突的关键协助国。

GREENE: Which is something that Russia often tries to do in conflicts in its neighborhood. Lucian, let me just ask you — I mean, I know we've been covering this for a while now, but I think it's worth reminding our listeners just how this fight began.

格林：这是俄罗斯在邻国冲突中经常尝试做的事情。卢西安，我想问的是，我们这段时间一直在报道这起争端，但我想我们有必要介绍一下这场斗争是如何开始的。

KIM: Sure. Well, the conflict between Armenians and Azerbaijanis is an old one, but the fighting we're talking about now flared up six weeks ago. It's really the continuation of a war that started 30 years ago when the Soviet Union was breaking apart. At that time, ethnic Armenians living in Nagorno-Karabakh fought and won a war of secession. And that really was the status quo until this fall. But in the meantime, Azerbaijan, which has a lot of oil money, built up its military and appears to have been successful in its operations this fall. Another significant factor, as I mentioned before, is that Turkey has become involved.

金：当然。亚美尼亚和阿塞拜疆之间的冲突是老问题，而我们现在所谈论的战斗在六个星期前爆发。这实际上是30年前苏联解体时开始的一场战争的延续。当时，生活在纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫的亚美尼亚人参加了一场内战并赢得了胜利。直到今年秋天现状一直如此。但与此同时，拥有大量石油资金的阿塞拜疆加强了军队建设，而且似乎在今年秋天的行动中取得了成功。正如我此前所说，另一个重要因素是土耳其已经参与进来。

GREENE: Well, why are both Turkey and Russia so deeply involved here? I mean, we've talked about the global implications of this. But what is driving each of their interests here?

格林：那为什么土耳其和俄罗斯都如此深地介入其中？我们讨论过这对全球的影响。但是什么在驱使他们？

KIM: Well, Russia and Turkey have been competing in this region historically. So this is not a new development. What's new is that after two centuries of Russian domination in the region, Turkey has begun to make inroads. The deal today was also negotiated between Putin and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. The two leaders have a difficult relationship, but they've also found a way to reach compromises even in places where they are supporting opposite sides such as Syria. So in some sense, Turkey can also be seen as a winner here because it now has an important voice in a region where it has long been absent. From Armenia's point of view, the loss of the status quo and the new role of its historic foe, Turkey, can only be seen as a defeat and really a dangerous development. There are already protests in Armenia over this deal.

金：从历史上来说，俄罗斯和土耳其一直在这个地区进行竞争。因此这不是新进展。新情况是，在俄罗斯统治该地区两个世纪之后，土耳其开始进军该地区。今天的协议也是在普京与土耳其总统雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安谈判后才得以达成。两位领导人关系不好，但他们找到了达成妥协的途径，即使是在两国支持对立方的地区，比如叙利亚，两国也能达成妥协。所以从某种意义上来说，土耳其也可以被视为赢家，因为该国现在在长期缺席的地区拥有了重要话语权。而从亚美尼亚的角度来看，失去现状及其历史上的敌人土耳其的新作用，只能被视为失败和真正危险的进展。亚美尼亚国内已经爆发了反对这项协议的抗议。

GREENE: All right. NPR's Lucian Kim in Moscow. Lucian, thank you so much.

格林：好。以上是NPR新闻的卢西安·金从莫斯科带来的报道。卢西安，非常谢谢你。

KIM: Thanks, David.

金：谢谢，大卫。