美国国家公共电台 NPR 长赐号货轮堵塞苏伊士运河（在线收听）

It sounds like the setup for a disaster movie. A containership almost as long as the Empire State Building is high remains stuck sideways in the Suez Canal, a key passage that connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. The ship, called the Ever Given, has caused an epic maritime traffic jam of nearly 300 ships between Europe and Asia. Efforts to dislodge the ship continue, but meanwhile, the worldwide supply chain is being disrupted, and hundreds of millions of dollars are lost with each hour that it continues.

这听起来像是灾难片的场景。一艘几乎和帝国大厦一样高的集装箱船仍然被搁浅在苏伊士运河两侧，而苏伊士运河是连接地中海和红海的关键通道。这艘名为“长赐号”的船只在欧亚之间造成了近300艘船只的海上交通堵塞。移动这艘船的努力仍在继续，但与此同时，全球供应链正在被打乱，堵塞每持续一小时就会造成数亿美元损失。

Chris Rogers is a supply chain analyst with S&P Global Market Intelligence. He joins us now from London. Welcome.

克里斯·罗杰斯是标准普尔全球市场情报公司的供应链分析师。他将从伦敦和我们连线。欢迎你。

CHRIS ROGERS: Thank you very much, Sarah. It's great to be here.

克里斯·罗杰斯：非常感谢你，莎拉。很高兴和你们连线。

MCCAMMON: Remind us why the Suez Canal is so important. What kinds of things are these ships carrying?

麦卡蒙：请说明一下为何苏伊士运河如此重要。这些船只运载的是什么物品？

ROGERS: Yeah, sure. So the Suez Canal is important for connecting Asia with Europe and the East Coast of the Americas. It's really critical for moving goods that are produced in China, which is the factory of the world when it comes to consumer goods, and Japan and South Korea, which are really the producers of capital goods that companies use to build machinery and so on. It's also a route from Japan and South Korea to come into Europe for the machine manufacturers that are based in Germany and France, in Italy and in Spain, in order for them to then export to the rest of the world.

罗杰斯：好，当然。苏伊士运河对于连接亚洲、欧洲和美洲东海岸非常重要。该运河对于运输中国生产的商品非常关键，因为在消费品方面，中国是世界的工厂，而日本和韩国是各企业用于制造机器等资本品的生产国。这条运河也是从日本和韩国进入欧洲的路线，以连接总部设在德国、法国、意大利和西班牙的机器制造商，以便他们随后出口到世界其他地区。

So it's absolutely vital for joining those supply chains together. The Suez Canal is also a vital route for avoiding having to sail around the south of Africa, and it can reduce the time to market by as much as two weeks.

因此，将这些供应链连在一起是绝对重要的。苏伊士运河也是避免绕行南非的一条重要通道，其可以将商品上市时间缩短两周。

MCCAMMON: And how did this happen, Chris? How did the Ever Given get stuck?

麦卡蒙：克里斯，这是怎么发生的？“长赐号”为何会搁浅？

ROGERS: As we understand it, the Ever Given got stuck because of heavy winds that were prevailing across the canal on the 23rd. Effectively, what happened was the wind was blowing from one direction. The boat had to effectively steer into the wind to stay straight. The wind suddenly dropped, and that led the boat to overcompensate. And because of the speed it was travelling at, that led it to turn quite quickly and then to get wedged on both sides of the canal.

罗杰斯：据我们所知，“长赐号”因23日横贯运河的强风而搁浅。实际上，风从一个方向吹过来。而船只必须有效地航入受风带以保持直行。但由于风突然停止，导致这艘船矫正过度。基于其行驶速度，这艘船的转向的速度非常快，之后就卡在运河的航道上。

MCCAMMON: And how is this current issue with the Ever Given affecting the worldwide supply chain?

麦卡蒙：目前的问题对全球供应链有何影响？

ROGERS: Yeah. The issue with the Ever Given is that it's effectively blocking the shipment of consumer goods from Asia into, principally, the European market. There are some vessels that are also sailing into the U.S. East Coast as well. It's also affecting the ability of firms who are partially manufacturing goods in Europe to ship them back to Asia.

罗杰斯：好。问题在于，“长赐号”的搁浅导致消费品无法从亚洲进入欧洲市场。同时导致部分船只无法驶入美国东海岸。这还对部分在欧洲生产商品的公司将商品运回亚洲的能力造成了影响。

MCCAMMON: This is a supply chain issue, it sounds like, to a large degree. But at what point will consumers notice, you know, things are different here?

麦卡蒙：这在很大程度上是供应链问题。但消费者何时会注意到情况有所不同？

ROGERS: Depending on the consumers, they could notice pretty soon. There's been reports of boats that are carrying goods for e-commerce retailers — so people like Amazon and so on. So you may find quite quickly that if you go onto these websites, that maybe things are running low on stocks, and so consumers will feel it that way. They'll then feel it in a few weeks' time or even a couple of months' time. One of the issues right now is that a lot of companies are getting their supply chains set up for the production that they'll carry out over the summer for goods the consumers will be buying in the forthcoming holiday season. So there could be a knock-on effect.

罗杰斯：这取决于消费者，他们可能很快就会注意到。有报道称，部分被堵船只为电子商务零售商运送货物，比如亚马逊等公司。因此，如果消费者登录这些网站，他们很快就会发现，因为商品库存可能会不断减少，消费者会感觉到。这对消费者的影响可能会持续数周甚至数个月。目前的一个问题是，许多公司正在建立供应链，以便夏季时为消费者在即将到来的假期购买的商品进行生产。因此堵塞可能会产生连锁反应。

MCCAMMON: OK, so how are we going to solve this? What are they doing to try to dislodge the ship?

麦卡蒙：好，我们要如何解决这个问题？他们在移动船只方面采取了什么措施？

ROGERS: Actually moving the boat involves removing a lot of sand and a lot of stone from where it punctured the wall on the canal. It also involves refloating the boat in a way that doesn't cause physical stress to it. These boats are very, very large, and they have very, very thick walls. But when you're trying to move something to its rotational axis, you've got to be careful, you know, in very simple terms, not to bend it and also not to disturb the boat in a way that would lead to containers falling off the side because those would then fall into the canal as well.

罗杰斯：实际上，移动这艘船需要从其卡住运河墙的地方清除大量沙子和石头。还需要以一种不会对船造成物理压力的方式将船重新上浮。这些船非常庞大，而且船壁非常厚。但是，在试图移动物体至其旋转轴时必须非常小心，简单来说，就是不要倾斜船只，也不要干扰船只，以免容器从侧面掉下来，因为这些容器也会掉进运河里。

In the longer term, industry's also got to think about how it uses the canal on a going-forward basis. So at what speed do we move these big boats through? Under what conditions do we move them through? Do we have to say, actually, if the weather conditions aren't right, we're going to have to hold vessels back? There'll be a lot of lessons to be learnt here, both by the Suez Canal Authority, by the shipping firms, and by the supply chain decision-makers who rely on them to get the goods in around the world where they need them, when they need them.

从长远来看，工业界还必须考虑如何在发展的基础上利用运河。即我们要让这些船只以多快的速度通过运河？在什么条件下我们才能让它们通过？我们是否必须规定，如果天气不好，就必须暂停航行？无论是苏伊士运河管理局、航运公司，还是在全球各地有需要时依靠运河运送货物的供应链决策者，都会从中吸取很多教训。

MCCAMMON: Chris Rogers is a supply chain analyst with S&P Global Market Intelligence. Thank you so much.

麦卡蒙：克里斯·罗杰斯是标准普尔全球市场情报公司的供应链分析师。非常感谢你。

ROGERS: Thank you.

罗杰斯：谢谢。