美国国家公共电台 NPR 美军卷铺盖走人 塔利班立即反扑（在线收听）

Bagram Airfield, north of Kabul, closed yesterday with little fanfare.

喀布尔北部的巴格拉姆空军基地昨天悄无声息地关闭。

The base was turned over to Afghan forces, marking the end of the U.S. combat mission that began 20 years ago.

该基地已移交给阿富汗部队，这标志着20年前开始的美军作战任务的结束。

This comes as the Taliban are taking over large swaths of territory, worrying members of Congress and Afghan officials.

与此同时，塔利班正在占领大片领土，这令国会议员和阿富汗官员感到担忧。

Joining us to talk about all this is NPR Pentagon correspondent Tom Bowman. Hi, Tom.

下面我们将连线NPR新闻驻五角大楼记者汤姆·鲍曼。你好，汤姆。

Hey, Ari.

你好，阿里。

You know the name Bagram Airfield sounds unassuming, but it was a massive base, the last major U.S. base in Afghanistan.

巴格拉姆空军基地这个名字听起来并不起眼，但它是一个庞大的基地，也是美军在阿富汗的最后一个主要基地。

Tell us about the significance of its closure.

告诉我们该基地关闭的意义。

You know, Ari, it's very significant. Again, this is the last big base the Americans had.

阿里，这具有重要意义。再说一遍，这是美军最后一个大本营。

The other large base, Kandahar Airfield, closed a few weeks back. So Bagram closing really tells you this is the end.

另一个大型基地坎大哈空军基地于几周前关闭。因此，巴格拉姆基地关闭表明这就是结束。

And Bagram has quite a history. The Soviets built some huge aircraft hangars there.

巴格拉姆基地历史悠久。苏联人在该基地建造了一些巨大的飞机库。

And when the U.S. Special Operations Forces went in to overthrow the Taliban in 2001, they were actually running gun battles all around Bagram.

美国特种作战部队在2001年推翻塔利班时，他们在巴格拉姆基地周围进行了枪战。

And over the years, it just grew and grew, with flight operations around the clock — cargo planes, attack aircraft, drones.

过去几年，该基地不断发展壮大，全天都有飞行操作——货机、攻击机、无人机。

And they set up many more buildings, everything from a hospital to a prison to several dining facilities, souvenir shops.

他们建造了更多的建筑，包括医院、监狱、餐饮设施以及纪念品商店。他

They even had a shop where you could, Ari, order cars and motorcycles that would be delivered to you when you got home.

们甚至还开了一家商店，阿里，在那里你可以订购汽车和摩托车，在你回家时会送到你的手上。

Now, tens of thousands of soldiers passed through here over the past two decades. And I've been going to Bagram almost every year since 2008.

过去20年，数万名士兵来到这里又离开。从2008年开始，我几乎每年都会去巴格拉姆基地。

The first time I went there, I met this one-star general named Mark Milley, who was with 101st Airborne. Now, he's chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

我第一次去那里时，遇到了101空降师的一星将军马克·米利。现在，他已是参谋长联席会议主席。

What a history. President Biden mentioned today that the U.S. will continue to help Afghans. What does that help look like?

真是一段伟大的历史。拜登总统今天提到，美国将继续帮助阿富汗人。美国会提供哪些帮助？

Well, it's going to be largely financial. Some $3.3 billion has been set aside to help Afghan forces.

主要是财政方面的帮助。美国已拨出约33亿美元来帮助阿富汗部队。

And the U.S. talks about helping over the horizon. And that includes, for example, aircraft maintenance that can be done in Qatar.

美国还在谈论在地平线另一边帮助阿富汗的相关事宜。例如，这包括可以在卡塔尔进行飞机维修。

The U.S. is also sending dozens more Blackhawk helicopters to beef up the Afghan air force, but they still need a lot more pilots.

美国还增派了数十架黑鹰直升机来加强阿富汗空军的力量，但阿富汗仍需要更多飞行员。

The Taliban has been targeting them. So the U.S. and other countries will likely be training more pilots, but no detail on that right yet.

塔利班一直将他们作为目标。因此，美国和其他国家可能会培训更多飞行员，但目前还没有这方面的详细信息。

The real challenge will be that maintenance part.

真正的挑战将是维护部分。

One hundred percent of the maintenance on the Blackhawks is done by American contractors, and they're all leaving with the American troops.

黑鹰号直升机上的所有维修工作都由美国承包商完成，这些承包商都将随美军离开。

So I'm told it's possible some contractors could remain in Afghanistan to be paid through the Afghan government.

有人告诉我，一些承包商有可能留在阿富汗，通过阿富汗政府获得报酬。

That's all being worked out. They may also do — get this telemaintenance from Qatar.

这一切都在商定中。他们也可以从卡塔尔得到远程维护。

Is that help from the U.S. enough to keep Afghanistan from falling to the Taliban?

美国的帮助是否足以阻止阿富汗落入塔利班手中？

You know, it depends who you talk with. It's a great concern. The Taliban now are surrounding urban areas throughout the country, cutting off major roads.

这取决于你和谁谈论这个问题。这是备受关注的问题。塔利班现在包围了阿富汗全国的城市地区，并切断了主要道路。

So military officials are saying it's a 50/50 chance that Kabul could fall in the coming months.

因此，军方官员表示，喀布尔在未来几个月被攻陷的可能性为五五开。

I spoke with an Afghan general just the other day. His name is Sami Sadat. He leads Afghan forces in southern Helmand province.

前几天我采访了一名阿富汗将军。他名为萨米·萨达特。他在南赫尔曼德省领导阿富汗军队。

He was trained in the U.S. and Great Britain, highly respected by American officers. And he was upbeat about the way ahead. Let's listen.

他曾在美国和英国接受训练，并受到美国军官的高度尊重。他对未来很乐观。我们来听一下他的看法。

Lashkar Gah and Kandahar cities are safe, and we have enough forces and manpower and determination to defend it.

拉什卡尔加市和坎大哈市是安全的，我们有足够的力量、人力和决心保卫这些城市。

And we plan to expand our security bubble beyond Lashkar Gah into the west, east and south.

我们计划将我们的安全泡沫从拉什卡尔加扩展到西部、东部和南部。

So he's talking about his area in Helmand Province. Now, not everyone is as upbeat or as competent as General Sadat.

他说的是其领导的赫尔曼德省地区。但并不是所有人都像萨达特将军那样乐观或有能力。

In other parts of the country, the Afghan forces are either falling to the Taliban or just, frankly, giving up.

在该国其他地区，阿富汗军队要么落入塔利班手中，要么干脆放弃。

Now that Bagram, the largest U.S. air base in Afghanistan, has closed, are there other U.S. military facilities that are still in the country?

现在美国在阿富汗最大的空军基地巴格拉姆已经关闭，阿富汗还有其他美军设施吗？

Well, you still have the headquarters in Kabul, where the top commander, General Scott Miller, is based.

指挥部还在喀布尔，最高指挥官斯科特·米勒将军就在那里。

He had a small press briefing in the last week and said he was concerned there could be a civil war.

上周他举行了一场小型新闻发布会，表示他担心可能会爆发内战。

Now, General Miller is expected to leave sometime in the next week or two with some sort of a ceremony,

米勒将军将在未来一两周的某个时候离开阿富汗，届时将举行某种仪式，

and that will really be the end, Ari, of the American fighting role.

阿里，这将是美国战斗角色的真正终结。

That's NPR Pentagon correspondent Tom Bowman. Thank you.

以上是NPR新闻驻五角大楼记者汤姆·鲍曼带来的报道。谢谢你。

You're welcome.

不客气。