2021年经济学人 奥运VS药物（5）（在线收听）

Like steroids, EPO's effects can be striking.

EPO和类固醇一样，效果也很显著。

Studies on it are less comprehensive, but one (albeit not conducted on elite athletes) suggested improvements in maximum rate of oxygen consumption of 12%, and a 54% increase in the time it took participants to be exhausted by hard exercise.

对它的研究并不全面，但有一项(虽然不是针对精英运动员进行的)研究表明，最大耗氧量提高了12%，参与者因剧烈运动而精疲力竭的时间增加了54%。

Dr Schumacher reckons improvements of the performances of top-flight athletes on a bike or a running track are more likely to be in the single digits.

舒马赫博士认为，顶级运动员在自行车或跑道上的表现改善更有可能是个位数。

But if that sounds modest, it should not. A 5% improvement would be enough to knock more than six minutes off a top marathon-runner's time.

听起来挺谦虚的，不过并不是这样。5%的进步就足以让一个顶级马拉松运动员少跑6分钟以上。

History offers another lens. The "heroic age" of doping, when testing was poor and abuse often blatant, lasted from the 1970s to the early 2000s.

历史提供了另一个视角。兴奋剂的“英雄时代”从20世纪70年代持续到了21世纪初，当时的兴奋剂检测水平很低，运动员滥用兴奋剂的行为也常常明目张胆。

Sprinters competed with eyes yellowed from steroid abuse.

短跑运动员的眼睛因类固醇滥用而发黄。

Female athletes sported strikingly masculine physiques.

女运动员表现出惊人的阳刚之气。

Cyclists made seemingly rocket-assisted climbs up steep Alpine passes.

骑自行车的运动员好似是坐着火箭爬上了陡峭的高山隘口。

Sport is littered with "fossil" records from that era.

体育运动充斥着那个时代的“化石”记录。

Of 16 pertinent women's trackand-field events, for example, the world records in eight have stood since the 1980s.

例如，在16项相关的女子田径项目中，有8项的世界纪录是自上世纪80年代以来保持的。

Eye-popping performance alone does not prove records were set by doped athletes.

单凭令人瞠目的成绩并不能证明这些记录是由服用兴奋剂的运动员创造的。

But it does cast doubt. Florence Griffith Joyner's 100-metre-sprint time of 10.49 seconds was set in 1988.

但这确实引起了人们的怀疑。弗洛伦斯·格里夫菲斯·乔伊纳的100米短跑成绩是10.49秒，是在1988年创造的。

In three decades no other woman has matched it—leading some observers to think it may have been helped by steroids.

三十年来，没有其他女性能与之匹敌，观察人士认为类固醇可能起到了帮助作用。

The current fastest woman in the world, Shelly-Ann FraserPryce, from Jamaica, has managed just 10.63 seconds—and that with assistance from special, high-tech shoes.

目前世界上跑得最快的女子是来自牙买加的谢莉-安·弗雷泽·普赖斯，她只跑了10.63秒，而且还要借助特殊的高科技鞋。

A list of the ten fastest climbs up Alpe d'Huez, a mountain often part of the Tour de France, includes only one rider, Miguel Indurain, who has had a clean career.

阿尔普迪埃是环法自行车赛的一部分，在该路线爬坡最快的十大车手里，只有“米格尔·安杜兰”这一个车手的职业生涯是清白的。

The others have all, at some stage, been convicted of, or admitted to, doping.

其他车手都曾在某个阶段被判过使用兴奋剂，或者承认使用兴奋剂。