2023年经济学人 2023年各国经济表现盘点(2)（在线收听）

    Our next two measures—growth in employment and GDP—hint at the extent to which the 35 economies are delivering for ordinary folk.

    接下来的两项指标--就业增长和GDP--暗示了这35个经济体为普通民众带来了多大程度的实惠。

    Nowhere fared spectacularly well.

    没有哪个国家表现得很亮眼。

    Across the world productivity growth is weak, limiting potential increases in GDP.

    全球生产率增长乏力，从而限制了GDP的潜在增长。

    Already tight labour markets at the start of 2023 meant there was little room for improvement when it came to jobs.

    2023年初的劳动力市场就已经供不应求，这意味着就业岗位几乎没有增长空间。

    Only a few countries, though, actually saw their GDP decline.

    然而，只有少数几个国家的GDP确实出现了下降。

    Ireland was the worst performer, with a drop of 4.1% (take that with a pinch of salt: there are big problems with the measurement of Irish GDP).

    爱尔兰是表现最差的，GDP下降了4.1%(对这个数据暂且持保留态度：爱尔兰的GDP衡量方式存在很大问题)。

    Estonia, another country whacked by the fallout of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, did badly.

    爱沙尼亚，另一个因俄乌战争而遭受重创的国家，表现不佳。

    Britain and Germany also underperformed.

    英国和德国也表现糟糕。

    Germany is struggling with the consequences of the energy-price shock and rising competition from imported Chinese cars.

    德国正在努力应对能源价格冲击和中国进口汽车带来的日益激烈的竞争。

    Britain is still dealing with the aftermath of Brexit—most economists expect the country to suffer from weak economic growth in the coming years.

    英国仍在应对脱欧后遗症，大多数经济学家预计，未来几年该国经济将增长乏力。

    America, by contrast, did well on both GDP and employment.

    相比之下，美国在GDP和就业方面都做得很好。

    It has benefited from record-high energy production as well as a generous fiscal stimulus implemented in 2020 and 2021.

    该国受益于创纪录的能源产量以及2020年和2021年实施的大额财政刺激。

    The world’s largest economy may have pulled along other countries.

    这个世界上最大的经济体可能带动了其他国家。

    Canada’s employment has risen smartly.

    加拿大的就业率大幅上升。

    Israel, which counts America as its largest trading partner, comes fourth in the overall ranking, although its war with Hamas, which began in October, makes the outlook for 2024 deeply uncertain.

    以色列将美国视为其最大的贸易伙伴，在总体排名中位列第四，尽管它与哈马斯在10月交战，这使得该国2024年的经济前景非常不确定。

    You might think that the American stockmarket, stuffed with firms poised to benefit from the revolution in artificial intelligence, would have done well.

    你可能认为，美国股市有很多准备好从人工智能革命中受益的公司，因此股市会表现良好。

    In fact, adjusted for inflation it is a middling performer.

    事实上，经通胀调整后，其表现只算中等。

    The Australian stockmarket, filled with commodities firms managing a comedown from high prices in 2022, underperformed.

    澳大利亚股市有很多大宗商品公司，这些公司正在应对2022年价格高峰之后的回落，因此股市表现不佳。

    The Finnish stockmarket had a poor year, with the share price of Nokia, a national champion, continuing its long, slow decline.

    芬兰股市经历了糟糕的一年，该国的冠军企业诺基亚的股价依然在长期缓慢下跌。

    Japan’s firms, by contrast, are experiencing something of a renaissance.

    相比之下，日本的公司正在经历某种复兴。

    For that, thank reforms to corporate governance, which finally seem to be bearing fruit.

    这要感谢公司管理改革，这些改革措施似乎终于取得了成果。

    The country’s stockmarket was one of the best performers in 2023, rising in real terms by nearly 20%.

    日本股市是2023年表现最好的股市之一，实际涨幅接近20%。

    But for glorious equity returns, look thousands of miles west—to Greece.

    但要想获得丰厚的股票回报，就得把目光投向千里之外的西方：希腊。

    There the real value of the stockmarket has increased by more than 40%.

    希腊股票市场的实际价值增加了40%以上。

    Investors have looked afresh at Greek companies as the government implements a series of pro-market reforms.

    随着希腊政府实施一系列有利于市场的改革，投资者重新审视了希腊企业。

    Although the country is still a lot poorer than it was before its almighty bust in the early 2010s, the IMF, once Greece’s nemesis, praised “the digital transformation of the economy” and “increasing market competition” in a recent statement.

    尽管希腊现在仍比2010年代初破产之前要贫穷得多，但曾是希腊死对头的国际货币基金组织在最近的一份声明中赞扬了希腊“经济的数字化转型”和“日益激烈的市场竞争”。

    While underperforming Finns can console themselves this Christmas by drowning their sorrows alone in their underwear (or getting pantsdrunk, as it is known locally), the rest of the world should raise a glass of ouzo to this most unlikely of champions.

    今年圣诞节，表现不佳的芬兰人可以独自在家，穿着内衣借酒浇愁(用芬兰语说就是pantsdrunk)，但其他国家应该斟一杯茴香烈酒，为希腊，这位最出人意料的冠军举杯祝贺。（注：茴香烈酒产于希腊。）