历年考研英语翻译mp3(2002)（在线收听） |
| [00:02.88]2002 [00:06.01]Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, [00:10.04]and they cannot be solved by physical [00:12.15]and biological technology alone. [00:15.07]What is needed is a technology of behavior, [00:17.80]but we have been slow to develop the science [00:20.48]from which such a technology might be drawn. [00:23.61](1)<One difficulty is that almost [00:25.36]all of what is called behavioral science [00:27.91]continues to trace behavior to states of mind, [00:30.89]feelings, traits of character, [00:33.01]human nature, and so on.> [00:35.13]Physics and biology once followed similar practices [00:39.05]and advanced only when they discarded them. [00:42.18](2)<The behavioral sciences have been [00:44.08]slow to change partly because the explanatory items [00:47.91]often seem to be directly observed and partly [00:50.63]because other kinds of explanations [00:53.01]have been hard to find.> [00:54.93]The environment is obviously important, [00:57.34]but its role has remained obscure. [00:59.57]It does not push or pull, it selects, [01:02.29]and this function is difficult to discover and analyze. [01:06.01](3)<The role of natural selection in evolution [01:08.84]was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, [01:12.78]and the selective role of the environment [01:15.06]in shaping and maintaining the behavior [01:17.28]of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.> [01:21.71]As the interaction between organism [01:23.64]and environment has come to be understood, however, [01:27.22]effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, [01:30.44]and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, [01:34.77]and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. [01:38.93]It will not solve our problems, however, [01:41.85]until it replaces traditional prescientific views, [01:45.48]and these are strongly entrenched. [01:47.90]Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty. [01:51.03](4)<They are the possessions of the autonomous [01:53.35](self-governing) man of traditional theory, [01:56.47]and they are essential to practices [01:58.38]in which a person is held responsible for his conduct [02:01.81]and given credit for his achievements.> [02:04.34]A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility [02:08.06]and the achievement to the environment. [02:10.38]It also raises questions concerning "values." [02:13.40]Who will use a technology and to what ends? [02:16.05]在线英语听力室(www.tingroom.com)友情制作 [02:16.56](5)<Until these issues are resolved, [02:18.23]a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, [02:21.66]and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.> |
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