[00:02.30]学习技巧
[00:04.60]Lesson 57 2 Reading comprehension
[00:07.98]第五十七课 2阅读理解
[00:11.36]Read the text fast to find answers to these questions.
[00:14.04]快速朗读课文并找出问题的答案。
[00:16.72]1 What are the three methods of reading which are described?
[00:19.89]1 文章描述的三种方法是什么方法？
[00:23.07]2 What is the most important piece of advice in the text?
[00:26.40]2 课文中哪一个建议最重要？
[00:29.73]ON READING
[00:31.15]论读书
[00:32.57]On the subject of reading,
[00:34.26]科学的读书方法，
[00:35.94]Francis Bacon,who lived at about the same time as Shakespeare,
[00:38.77]弗朗西斯.培根和莎士比亚生活在同一个年代，
[00:41.59]wrote these words,
[00:43.21]他写过这样的句子，
[00:44.83]"Some books are to be tasted,others to be swallowed,
[00:47.79]“有些书可供品尝，有些书可供吞食，
[00:50.76]and some few to be chewed and digested.
[00:53.39]"还有一些少量的书可供咀嚼和消化。
[00:56.03]This good advice shows how it is possible
[00:58.41]这些好的建议告诉我们怎样
[01:00.79]to read different types of books in different ways.
[01:03.46]读不同类型的书用不同的方法。
[01:06.14]For example,you might pick up a travel book
[01:08.36]例如，你有可能拿起一本书，
[01:10.58]and read a few pages before going to sleep.
[01:12.87]读了几页后就睡着了。
[01:15.15]It is enough to dip into it and read bits here and there.
[01:17.88]浏览一下这本书，这儿看几眼那儿看几眼就足够了。
[01:20.61]In a word,this is "tasting".Some stories are for"swallowing".
[01:24.14]总之，这是品尝。有些故事书是用来吞食的。
[01:27.67]Imagine that you have found a good story,
[01:29.78]假如你发现了一本好的故事书，
[01:31.90]and,what is even more important,the time to enjoy it.
[01:34.98]甚至更重要的是，你能够享受到它的乐趣。
[01:38.06]You might be on holiday,or on a long train journey.
[01:40.58]你在度假或进行一个长的火车旅行时。
[01:43.11]If it is a good book,you might say,"It's so good I can't put it down.
[01:46.68]"如果它是一本好书，你可能会说：”它是如此棒以至于我不能放下它。
[01:50.26]“But not all stories belong to this class.
[01:52.39]但是并不是所有的故事都属于这一类。
[01:54.52]Reviewers sometimes describe books as"hard-to-put-down",
[01:57.69]评论家有时把书描述成”难以放下“
[02:00.87]or "hard-to-pick-up-again".
[02:03.05]或者”难以再次拿起它“。
[02:05.23]Other books are for reading slowly and carefully.
[02:07.50]另外一些书是要慢慢地仔细地读的。
[02:09.78]If it is a book on a subject that you are interested in,
[02:12.11]如果它是一本你所喜欢的科目的书，
[02:14.45]you will want to"chew and digest it".
[02:16.63]你将会想要“咀嚼和消化”它。
[02:18.81]That does not mean reading it too slowly.
[02:20.94]但意思不是要很慢地去读。
[02:23.07]When you pick up a book for the first time,
[02:25.15]当你第一次拿起一本书时，
[02:27.23]check that it is not too difficult.
[02:29.15]查一查它是否太难。
[02:31.07]Do not start a book unless you can see from the first few pages
[02:33.90]不要看一些第一页你就不懂的书。
[02:36.73]that it is one you can easily read and understand.
[02:39.16]你能够理解的书。
[02:41.59]Next,if it is not a story,get an idea of the organization of the book.
[02:45.12]接下来，如果它不是一本故事书，可以从书本上获得它的主要内容。
[02:48.65]Read the back cover and the introduction.
[02:50.93]读读这本书的背面和介绍。
[02:53.22]Look at the pictures and the short texts below them.
[02:55.90]看图和它们读下面的短文。
[02:58.57]Turn to the front of the book and look at the contents.
[03:00.79]打开书的前面看看它的主要内容。
[03:03.01]This way you can decide whether the book
[03:06.85]is likely to interest you and if so,
[03:09.34]这样一来你可能决定你是否喜欢看这本书，
[03:11.82]then you can decide which parts of the book
[03:15.87]will be most useful and interesting
[03:17.94]那么你就可以决定哪一部分是最有用的和最有趣的。
[03:20.02]Here are some more reading tips.
[03:21.80]这里有一些有关读书的贴士。
[03:23.57]First,read a chapter quickly to get a general idea.
[03:26.00]第一，快速地读一下章节并获得大概意思。
[03:28.43]Then,if you wish,you can read it once again more slowly,
[03:31.16]然后，如果你想的话，你可以放慢速度再读一次
[03:33.89]using a dictionary when necessary.
[03:35.77]必要时查查词典。
[03:37.65]Second,do not stop every time you
[03:42.33]come to a word or phrase you do not know.
[03:44.55]其次，不要每遇到一个不认识的单词或短语就停下来。
[03:46.77]Quite often you will find the unknown word appears again,
[03:51.92]perhaps several times,
[03:53.65]通常你会发现一个不认识的单词或短语重复出现几次，
[03:55.39]and by the end of the chapter you will have guessed its meaning.
[03:57.96]在文章的末尾你将会猜出它们的意思。
[04:00.54]That is how we learn the meaning of words in our own language.
[04:03.02]那就是我们用自己的语言怎样去学单词的意思了。
[04:05.50]Imagine that you come across this sentence in a book:
[04:07.69]假如你在课文中遇到这样的句子：
[04:09.89]"The house was beginning to get cold,
[04:12.16]“房子开始变冷了，
[04:14.43]so Daisy pulled her red,
[04:18.27]woolen cardigan out of her bag and put it on."
[04:21.05]"所以戴西从她的箱子里面拿出她红色的羊毛衫穿上。”
[04:23.84]If you do not know the word "cardigan",
[04:25.76]如果你不知道"cardigan"这个单词的意思，
[04:27.68]you can guess from the situation that it may be made of wool,
[04:30.16]你可以从它是由羊毛做的这个情景猜出，
[04:32.64]and is put on to keep warm,
[04:36.19]and is therefore likely to be an article of clothing.
[04:38.78]穿上它用来保暖，因此，这很有可能是一篇有关衣服的文章。
[04:41.36]The last question is what to read.
[04:43.28]最后的问题是读什么。
[04:45.20]Start by making a list of all the types of books
[04:49.96]that you enjoy reading in Chinese.
[04:51.98]开一张你喜欢读所有类型的中文书的单，
[04:54.01]If you hate science stories,
[04:57.64]you are unlikely to enjoy reading them in English.
[05:00.00]如果你不喜欢科学故事，你不会喜欢读这类的英语书。
[05:02.37]But if you enjoy reading short stories in Chinese,
[05:04.90]但如果你喜欢读短篇的中文故事书，
[05:07.44]look for collections of English ones.
[05:09.46]你会去收集有关这类型的英语书。
[05:11.48]Are there any hobbies or sports you particularly like?
[05:13.97]你有一些特别的爱好或运动吗？
[05:16.45]If so,look out for books,articles or magazines about them.
[05:19.53]如果有和话，在书本上或文章或杂志里面留意它们。
[05:22.61]You can enlarge your knowledge
[05:26.16]and learn some English at the same time.
[05:28.19]你可以扩大你的知识范围，同时也学到些英语知识。
[05:30.21]Finally,and above all,enjoy your reading!
[05:33.05]最后，最重要的是享受你读书的乐趣！
[05:35.88]Lesson 58 1 Reading comprehension
[05:39.16]第五十八课1 阅读理解
[05:42.44]Read the text fast to find answers to these questions.
[05:45.06]快速朗读课文，找出这些问题的答案。
[05:47.69]1 Is the text about listening to people or learning a foreign language?
[05:51.57]1 这些课文是有关听众还是学习外语？
[05:55.45]2 Does the writer give advice or information or both?
[05:59.24]2 作者给了建议还是信息？或者两者都有？
[06:03.02]THE ART OF BEING A GOOD LISTENER
[06:05.05]做一个好听者的艺术
[06:07.07]There are two meanings of the phrase "listening skills".
[06:09.85]"listening skills" 这个短语有两种含义。
[06:12.64]One refers to the type of listening pratice which we do
[06:15.30]一种含义是指我们的听 力训练
[06:17.97]when learning a foreign language.
[06:19.78]在学习外语时所做的那种。
[06:21.60]The more we practice,
[06:24.76]the better we get at listening to speech in a foreign language.
[06:27.28]我们进行更多的练习对我们听用外语演讲更好。
[06:29.80]The other meaning
[06:32.75]is about the art of being a good listener to other people.
[06:35.53]另一种含义是有关做一个别人的好听者的艺术。
[06:38.32]In this,the key to good listening is in the Chinese character "ting".
[06:41.65]在中文里面做一个好听者的关键是“听”。
[06:44.98]It tells us a lot about how we should listen to each other.
[06:47.46]它告诉我们很多有关我们怎样互相听对方诉说。
[06:49.94]These are the parts of the character:"ear","you","eyes",
[06:53.77]这些是人的某个部分：“耳朵”，“你”，“眼睛”，
[06:57.59]"undivided attention"and "heart".
[07:00.08]“全神贯注” 和 “心”。
[07:02.56]Being a good listener means much more
[07:06.71]than just "listening with ears".
[07:08.49]成为一个好的听者意思是不仅仅是用耳朵听
[07:10.26]"Eyes" mean that I should look at you
[07:14.34]while you are speaking as a sign of respect.
[07:16.70]“眼睛” 意思是当你和我说话时，我应该看着你的眼睛，这是一种尊重的标志。
[07:19.07]In other words Ishould not watch TV,
[07:21.25]换句话说，我不能看着电视，
[07:23.43]or look over your shoulder at other people
[07:27.48]while we are talking together.
[07:29.16]或者看着你的胳膊，在我们和其他人一起谈话的时候。
[07:30.85]"Undivided attention" is another sign of respect.
[07:33.37]全神贯注是另一种尊重的标志。
[07:35.89]You may have noticed that very few people
[07:40.25]listen with complete attention.
[07:42.17]你可能注意到有很少人全神贯注地在听。
[07:44.09]Most people half-listen,
[07:45.87]大多数人是半听，
[07:47.64]and if you ask them to repeat what you have just said,they cannot.
[07:50.52]如果你叫他们重复你所说的内容，他们是做不到的。
[07:53.39]They may appear to be listening,
[07:55.17]他们看起来像是在听，
[07:56.94]but in fact lots of things are running around inside their heads:
[07:59.53]但事实上有很多东西在他们的内心游荡：
[08:02.12]shopping lists,things to do,worries,problems and so on.
[08:05.54]购物单，要做的事，担忧，问题等等。
[08:08.96]What about "heart"?"Heart"is what makes you love other people.
[08:11.94]心是什么？心就是让你去爱别人。
[08:14.92]You can love your friend,
[08:16.44]你可以爱你的朋友，
[08:17.97]even though you don't agree with everything she or he says.
[08:20.35]即使你不同意她或他所说的每一件事。
[08:22.73]So when you listen to someone,
[08:26.38]you should listen with complete attention,
[08:28.30]所以当你在听别人说话时，你应该全心全意地去听，
[08:30.22]and with complete respect for the other person.
[08:32.35]完全尊重别人。
[08:34.48]Here are some more tips on becoming a good listener.
[08:37.81]这里有一些让人成为好听者的贴士。
[08:41.14]First,take turns to listen.
[08:43.27]首先，轮流听。
[08:45.40]Don't all try to speak at the same time when you are in a group.
[08:47.83]当你们是一组人时，不要在同一时间说话。
[08:50.26]Listen without interrupting,and stop others from interrupting.
[08:53.59]不要插嘴地听，阻止某人打断别人的话。
[08:56.92]Then it will be someone else's turn.
[08:58.80]那么就轮到下一位了。
[09:00.68]That way everyone gets the chance to speak
[09:02.86]每个人都有机会说话
[09:05.04]and to be listened to with respect.
[09:07.11]被别人带敬意地去听。
[09:09.17]Second,if your friends have problems,do not give advice.
[09:12.44]第二，如果你的朋友有问题，不要给建议。
[09:15.70]Ask questions instead,such as"What do you want?
[09:18.29]用问问世来代替，例如你想要什么？
[09:20.87]How do you feel about it?What are you afraid might happen?"
[09:23.70]你感觉它怎样？你在担心会发生什么事？
[09:26.52]They will be able to find answers to any problems themselves,
[09:31.69]with your support.
[09:33.17]那答案就自动出来了。
[09:34.64]They just need encouragement
[09:36.40]他们只需要鼓励
[09:38.17]and complete trust hat they are doing their best.
[09:40.49]和完全信任他们会尽最大的努力。
[09:42.82]Third,listen and be quiet while others are talking!
[09:45.65]第三，当别人在说话时，静静地聆听！
[09:48.49]Don't interrupt,saying,"Oh yes,that reminds me of....
[09:51.06]"不要打断说：“噢!是的，那提醒我...”
[09:53.63]and start to tell your story.
[09:55.46]并开始说你的故事。
[09:57.29]If someone has a serious problem,or illness or sadness,
[10:00.32]如果有人有严重的问题，或者疾病和悲伤，
[10:03.35]this is not the time to talk about a similar event in your life
[10:05.99]不要说在你的生活中也有同样的事情。
[10:08.63]that happened years ago.
[10:10.25]在数年前发生过。
[10:11.87]Most of us are able to solve most of our problems.
[10:14.60]我们大多数人都可以解决大部分的问题。
[10:17.33]Often,all we need is a good friend who will listen to us
[10:20.16]往往我们所需要的，不过是一位能倾听我们
[10:22.99]while we "talk things through".
[10:24.72]“畅叙衷肠”的好朋友。
[10:26.44]If friends can take turns to listen to each other well,
[10:31.20]life will be better!
[10:36.67]如果朋友之间能够轮流倾听，生活会变得更美好 |