[00:-1.00]Do this section all by yourselves and look up in the dictionary
[00:-2.00]Whatever necessary but unfamiliar in giving answers to the two questions.
[00:-3.00]Then try to learn them by heart.
[00:-4.00]Better listen to the tape reading it on your own.
[00:-5.00]Try to tell the main idea of the text before reading it a second time.
[00:-6.00]ENGLISH AROUND THE WORLD
[00:-7.00]English is a language spoken all around the world.
[00:-8.00]There are more than 42 countries where the majority of the people speak English.
[00:-9.00]Most native speakers of English are found in the United Kingdom,
[00:10.00]the united States of America,
[00:11.00]Canada,Australia,South Africa,Ireland and New Zealand.
[00:12.00]In total,for more than 375 million people English is their mother tongue.
[00:13.00]An equal number of people learn English as a second language.
[00:14.00]These people will perhaps speak the language of their own country at home with their family,
[00:15.00]but the language of the government,school,newspapers and TV is English.
[00:16.00]This situation is found in countries such as India,
[00:17.00]Pakistan,Nigeria and teh Philippines.
[00:18.00]However,the number of people who learn English as a foreign language is more than 750 million.
[00:19.00]Everywhere in the world children go to school to learn English.
[00:20.00]Most people learn English for five or six years at high school.
[00:21.00]In China students learn English at school as a foreign language,
[00:22.00]except for those in Hong Kong,
[00:23.00]where many people speak English as a first or a second language.
[00:24.00]In only fifty years,
[00:25.00]English has developed into the language most widely spoken and used in the world.
[00:26.00]English is the working language of most international organisations,
[00:27.00]international trade and Tourism.
[00:28.00]Businessmen and tourists often come to China
[00:29.00]without being able to speak Chinese.
[00:30.00]Chinese businessmen,taxi drivers and students talk with them using English.
[00:31.00]English is also the language of global culture,
[00:32.00]such as popular music and the Internet.
[00:33.00]You can listen to English songs on the radio
[00:34.00]or use English to communicate with people around the world through the Internet.
[00:35.00]With so many people communicating in English every day,
[00:36.00]it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.
[00:37.00]English is language spoken all around the world.
[00:38.00]There are more than 42 countries where the majority of the people speak English.
[00:39.00]Most native speakers of English are found in the United Kindom,
[00:40.00]An equal number of people learn English as a second language.
[00:-9.54]These people will perhaps
[00:10.54]speak the language of thier own country at home with their family,
[00:11.54]but the language of the government,schools,newspapers and TV is English.
[00:12.54]However,the number of people (who learn)
[00:13.54]who learn English as a foreign language is more than 750 million.
[00:14.54]Everywhere in the world children go to school to learn English.
[00:15.54]Most people learn English for five or six years at high school.
[00:16.54]In China students learn English at school as a foreign language,
[00:17.54]except for those in Hong Kong,
[00:18.54]In only fifty years,
[00:19.54]English has developed into the language most widely spoken
[00:20.54]and used in the world.
[00:21.54]English is the working language of most international organisations,
[00:22.54]international trade and Tourism.
[00:23.54]Businessmen and tourists often come to China without being able speak Chinese.
[00:24.54]Chinese businessmen,taxi drivers and students talk with them using English.
[00:25.54]English is also the language of global culture
[00:26.54]such as popular music and the Internet.
[00:27.54]You can listen to
[00:28.54]English songs on the radio or use English to communicate with people around the world
[00:29.54]through the Internet.
[00:30.54]With so many people communicating in English every day
[00:31.54]it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.
[00:32.54]POST-READING
[00:33.54]After reading the READING piece a second time and doing the POST-READING,
[00:34.54]try to translate the whole piece sentence by sentence into correct Chinese.
[00:35.54]LANGUAGE STUDY
[00:36.54]Just read and do this section and do all the exercises on papes 11-12.
[00:37.54]then:
[00:31.59](1)Put all the 8 words
[00:32.59]on pape 11 and their English explanations into a complete discourse.
[00:33.59](2)Link all the 13 sentences on page 12 into two or three complete passages
[00:34.59]by changing part of their content if you can.
[00:35.59](3)Put all the DOS and DON'TS into a complete discourse,
[00:36.59]either a dialogue or a passage.
[00:37.59]POSSIBLE ANSWER
[00:38.59](1)—Can you explain all the new words in this test?
[00:39.59]—You mean to make their meanings clear so that it might be easy to understand?
[00:40.59]—Yeah.Just describe them in your own words
[00:41.59]or give some useful information of their usage or implications.
[00:42.59]—In our own words?
[00:43.59]You mean to explain these words in Chinese,in my mother tongue.
[00:44.59]—No,that's not what I mean.
[00:45.59]I think you've got to explain new English words in familiar
[00:46.59]and easy English words.
[00:47.59]For example,you may explain the word"closet","majority","mother tongue",
[00:48.59]"knowledge","trade"and"communicate"in a way as follows:
[00:49.59]"A closet is cupboard where you can put clothes."
[00:50.59]"majority"refers to
[00:51.59]a number of people or things that form more than half of a group.
[00:52.59]One's mother tongue is one's native language.
[00:53.59]To communicate means to give information using speech,
[00:54.59]radio signals or body movement.
[00:55.59]"Knowledge"refers to"information and understanding about a subject."
[00:56.59]—To sum up,just put all the words in the column on the left
[00:57.59]before"is equal to" and all the explanations after
[00:58.59]"is equal to"but before"in simple,easy,everyday English."
[00:59.59]—That's right.For example,
[-1:-0.59]"a closet"is equal to
[-1:-1.59]"a cupboard where you can put clothes"in simple,everyday English.
[-1:-2.59]Another example,"majority"
[-1:-3.59]—But I don't think some of the explanations in the exercise on page 11
[-1:-4.59]are in simple,evryday English.
[-1:-5.59](2)—Could I use your bathroom?
[-1:-6.59]Certainly.But take your shoes off before you enter the room.
[-1:-7.59]Put your coat in the closet outside befor you enter the flat next time.
[-1:-8.59]—Could I use your telephone?
[-1:-9.59]—No problem.But speak quietly on the phone,please.
[-1:10.59]The baby's sleeping.
[-1:11.59]—Excuse me,but will you help me with my homework this afternoon?
[-1:12.59]—Yes,but not until four.
[-1:13.59]—Could you meet me at four in the lecture hall?
[-1:14.59]—Sorry.I won't be able to make it until 4:30.
[-1:15.59]INTEGRATING SKILLS
[-1:16.59]After reading the long passage and doing the exercise below it on pages 12-14,
[-1:17.59]try to translate the article sentence by sentence into correct Chinese.
[-1:18.59]AMERICAN ENGLISH AND BRITISH ENGLISH
[-1:19.59]Many students
[-1:20.59]want to know about the differences between American English and British English.
[-1:21.59]How did these differences come about?
[-1:22.59]There is no quick answer to this question.
[-1:23.59]At first the language in Britain and America was the same.
[-1:24.59]In 1776 America became an independent country.
[-1:25.59]After that,the language slowly began to change.
[-1:26.59]For a long time the language in America stayed the same,
[-1:27.59]While the language in England changed.
[-1:28.59]For example,300 years ago the English talked about"fall".
[-1:29.59]Today most British people talk about"autumn",
[-1:30.59]but Americans still talk about"fall".
[-1:31.59]In the same way Americans still use the expression"I guess"(meaning"I think"),
[-1:32.59]just as the British did 300 years ago.
[-1:33.59]At the same time,British English and American English
[-1:34.59]started borrowing words from other languages,
[-1:35.59]ending up with different words.For exaple,
[-1:36.59]the British took"typhoon"from Chinese,while the Americans took"typhoon"Spanish.
[-1:37.59]In 1828 Noah Webster published the first American dictionary.
[-1:38.59]He wanted to make american English different from British English,
[-1:39.59]so he changed the spelling of many words.
[-1:40.59]That's why the words colour,centre and traveller are spelt color,
[-1:41.59]center and traveler in American English.
[-1:42.59]Except for these differences in spelling,
[-1:43.59]written English is more or less the same in both British and American English.
[-1:44.59]The differences are greater in the spoken language.
[-1:45.59]For example,Americans say dance,and in southern England they say dance.
[-1:46.59]In America they pronounce not;
[-1:47.59]in southern England they say not.
[-1:48.59]However,most of the time people from the two countries do not have any difficulty
[-1:49.59]in understanding each other.
[-1:50.59]AMERICAN ENGLISH AND BRITISH ENGLISH
[-1:51.59]Many students want to know about the differences between
[-1:52.59]American English and British English.
[-1:53.59]How did these differences come about?
[-1:54.59]There is no quick answer to this question.
[-1:55.59]At first the language in Britain and America was the same.
[-1:56.59]In 1776 America became an independent country.
[-1:57.59]After that,the language slowly began to change.
[-1:58.59]For a long time the language in America stayed the same,
[-1:59.59]While the language in England changed.
[-2:-0.59]For example,300 years ago the English talked about"fall".
[-2:-1.59]Today most British people talk about"autumn",
[-2:-2.59]In the same way Americans still use the expression"I guess"(meaning"I think"),
[-2:-3.59]just as the British did 300 years ago.
[-2:-4.59]At the same time,British English and American English
[-2:-5.59]started borrowing words from other languages,ending up with different words.
[-2:-6.59]For exaple,the British took"typhoon"from Chinese.
[-2:-7.59]while the Americans took"typhoon"from Spanish.
[-2:-8.59]In 1828 Noah Webster published the first American dictionary.
[-2:-9.59]He wanted to make american English different from British English,
[-2:10.59]so he changed the spelling of many words.
[-2:11.59]That's why the words colour,centre and traveller are spelt color,
[-2:12.59]center and traveler in American English.
[-2:13.59]Except for these differences in spelling,
[-2:14.59]written English is more or less the same in both British and American English.
[-2:15.59]The differences are greater in the spoken language.
[-2:16.59]For example,Americans say dance,and in southern England they say dance.
[-2:17.59]In America they pronounce not;in southern England they say not.
[-2:18.59]However,most of the time people from the two countries
[-2:19.59]do not have any difficulty in understanding each other.
[-2:20.59]While translating and correciting the two sections:
[-2:21.59]READING and INTEGRATING SKILLS,
[-2:22.59]make as much comparison as you can between the English text
[-2:23.59]and the Chinese translation version and try to find out things as follows:
[-2:24.59]1)The difference between the two languages in word order.
[-2:25.59]2)Struetural words and inflexion as well as the three ways of word buiding:
[-2:26.59]composition,conversion and derivation.
[-2:27.59]Many students want to know about the differences between
[-2:28.59]American English and Brithish English.
[-2:29.59](1)Many students want to know about/
[-2:30.59](2)the differences/
[-2:31.59](3)between American English and British English |