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EXPLORATIONS - The Hudson River

时间:2005-09-29 16:00来源:互联网 提供网友:fage   字体: [ ]
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EXPLORATIONS -June 12, 2002: The Hudson River

By Oliver Chanler


VOICE ONE:

This is Steve Ember.

VOICE TWO:

And this is Shirley Griffith with the VOA Special English program,
EXPLORATIONS. Today we tell about a famous river on the east coast of the
United States, the Hudson.

((THEME))

VOICE ONE:

The first European explorer of the New World to see the mouth of the Hudson River
was Englishman1 John Cabot in Fourteen Ninety -Eight. Yet it was not until Sixteen-
Oh-Nine that a European explorer entered the river. He sailed north from the
Atlantic Ocean as far as his ship could go, about two-hundred-fifty kilometers. That
explorer was Henry Hudson.

Captain Hudson and his sailors

English and Dutch

were working for the Dutch East India Company. Like
the other explorers, they were looking for the northwest passage, a way to China and India that did not exist.

VOICE TWO:

At first, Captain Hudson did not know that the water he entered was a river. After
all, the water flowed from the ocean in the south toward2 the north. The water was
very salty, like the ocean. On both sides of the river, Captain Hudson saw great hills
and mountains. After sailing for two-hundred-fifty-kilometers, the ship reached the
point on the river where the city of Albany, New York stands today. From that point
to the north, the river was not deep enough for his ship to sail.

Hudson saw that the river did not provide a way to India and China. He had failed. He turned his ship around and
sailed back to the Atlantic Ocean and then home to Holland.

When he returned to Holland, Henry Hudson told about the friendly natives and how
good the land was along the river.

VOICE ONE:

No one knows how long native Americans lived along the great river. The first people
to settle along the Hudson were called the Algonkin Indians. They called the Hudson
“the river that runs two ways,

because it flows both north and south at its southern

end. This is because the ocean tides push water up the river as it flows down to the
south.

There were many different tribes5 among the Algonkins. Some of the names of these tribes were Raritan,
Hackensack, Tappan, and Haverstraw. Another tribe4 was called Manhattan. Today, that is the name of the most
important part of New York City. Manhattan is a long, thin island, with its southern end pointing into New York
Bay.

When the Indians lived there, and when the Europeans first saw it, the island was green and covered with forests.
They would not recognize it today. Trees and forests have been replaced by tall buildings and busy streets

(Picture -Al Poelzl)
(Picture -Joe Deutsch)
(Picture -Ted Spiegel)
(Picture -Rich Schiafo)

crowded with cars, trucks, buses, and millions of people.

VOICE TWO:

For twelve years after Henry Hudson explored the river named after him, there was little interest in his discovery.
Just a few ships came to Manhattan Island to trade with the Indians. In Sixteen-Twenty-One, the government of
Holland created the Dutch West India Company to govern this new land. Three years later, thirty Dutch families
sailed on a ship from Holland to North America. They were seeking religious freedom in the New World.

Some of these people settled on Manhattan Island. They named their settlement Fort6 Amsterdam. The ship they
sailed on continued up the Hudson River, stopping where the city of Albany is today. Eighteen families settled
there. They called this place Fort Orange. Now there were two communities on the river

both of them Dutch.

VOICE ONE:

The religious freedom promised by the Dutch West India Company brought other people to the Hudson River.
Among them were Huguenots from France, Presbyterians from Scotland7, Jews and Quakers. However, for almost
fifty years

until Sixteen-Hundred-Sixty-Four

the Hudson River country was Dutch. The official language
of the area was Dutch, as were the government, the politics and the customs.

Even today, many places along the Hudson River still have Dutch names, such as Yonkers, Peekskill, Catskill,
and Rensselaer (Renn-sa-LEER).

VOICE TWO:

The most famous leader of the Dutch colony8 in the New World was Peter Stuyvesant. The Dutch West India
Company sent him to be the governor9 of the colony. Mister10 Stuyvesant was a strong man who very quickly made
the settlers understand that they must obey the laws of the colony.

Peter Stuyvesant’s government did not last long. In Sixteen-Sixty-Four, five English warships11 stopped at Fort
Amsterdam, which was now called New Amsterdam. The commander of the ships ordered Governor Stuyvesant
to surrender12 the colony to the king of England.

The English said the land was theirs because Manhattan Island had been discovered by Englishmen13 such as John
Cabot. They also said that since Henry Hudson was an Englishman, everything he discovered belonged to the
king of England. Peter Stuyvesant and the other Dutch officials returned to Holland.

VOICE ONE:

The English period now began on the river. The official language became English, instead of Dutch. Also, the
names of many places on the Hudson were changed. The colony of New Netherland became New York, in honor14
of James, the duke of York. He was the brother of England’s King Charles, the Second. To honor him further,

the settlement of New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island was also called New York.

For more than one-hundred years, the English ruled the colony of New York. During this time thousands of
people came from Europe to live along the river. Many were English. However, settlers came from across Europe
–Germany, France, and Holland. Even then, it seemed that New York and the Hudson River country were places
where people of all nations were welcomed.

((MUSIC BRIDGE))

VOICE TWO:

When the American Revolution began in Seventeen-Seventy-Six, British troops quickly seized control of New
York. They wanted it because of its military, political, and economic importance. During the seven years of
fighting, no part of the thirteen American colonies15 saw as much military action as the Hudson River area. Both
the American Revolutionary Army under George Washington, and the British Army understood that control of
the Hudson River meant victory.

Some of the most famous battles of the American Revolutionary War were fought along the Hudson River. The


British had more soldiers, more guns, and more bullets16 than the Americans did. But the Americans fought
fiercely and won.

After the treaty17 of peace was signed in Paris in Seventeen-Eighty-Three, General Washington moved with the
new government to New York City. The Hudson River now belonged to a new and free nation

the United
States of America.

VOICE ONE:

One of the greatest signs of progress in the newly18 established United States was a new kind of ship that traveled
up and down the Hudson River. In Eighteen-Hundred -Seven, a steam boat called the Clermont sailed north up the
river from New York to Albany. An engineer named Robert Fulton built the boat. Soon there were many such
boats traveling up and down the river, helping19 industry and trade to grow along the Hudson.

For many years, Americans dreamed that it would be possible to travel by water between the East and the West
of the United States. In Eighteen-Twenty-Five, the Erie Canal opened. It was a river built by men. It went from
the Hudson River near Albany west for more than four-hundred kilometers to the city of Buffalo20, on Lake Erie,
one of the Great Lakes. Now, ships could carry people and products from New York City west to the central part
of the country, opening a way to the West.

VOICE TWO:

As Hudson River transportation grew, the population along the river grew, especially in New York City. There,
business and industry developed with great speed. New York became the industrial and political center of the
United States. It also became one of the great cities of the world.

The real beginning of the Hudson River is near Mount3 Marcy, the highest of the Adirondack Mountains in New
York State. Close to Mount Marcy, melting snow feeds a little lake named Lake Tear of the Clouds. From the
lake, a small stream runs down the mountain. As it continues to flow south, other streams join it. The stream
becomes the Hudson River near the town of Newcombe.

The Hudson is wild and fast for those first two -hundred-fifty kilometers from Lake Tear of the Clouds to Albany.
Then, near Albany, the fresh water of the river meets the salt water of the Atlantic Ocean. The ocean water has
been carried up the river for two -hundred-fifty kilometers. At this point, the Hudson becomes a wide river, the
same quiet river that Henry Hudson sailed on in the year Sixteen-Oh -Nine.

((THEME))

VOICE ONE:

This Special English program was written by Oliver Chanler. It was directed by Paul Thompson. This is Steve
Ember.

VOICE TWO:

And this is Shirley Griffith. Join us again next week for another EXPLORATIONS program on the Voice of
America.


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 Englishman Dp9xR     
n.(pl.Englishmen)英国人;英国男人
参考例句:
  • I was astonished that he was not an Englishman.我很惊讶,他竟不是英国人。
  • She stared thoughtfully at the Englishman across the table.她若有所思地盯着桌子对面的那个英国人。
2 toward on6we     
prep.对于,关于,接近,将近,向,朝
参考例句:
  • Suddenly I saw a tall figure approaching toward the policeman.突然间我看到一个高大的身影朝警察靠近。
  • Upon seeing her,I smiled and ran toward her. 看到她我笑了,并跑了过去。
3 mount 6Fixv     
n.山峰,乘用马,框,衬纸;vi.增长,骑上(马);vt.提升,爬上,装备
参考例句:
  • Their debts continued to mount up.他们的债务不断增加。
  • She is the first woman who steps on the top of Mount Jolmo Lungma.她是第一个登上珠穆朗玛峰的女人。
4 tribe XJ2zS     
n.部落,种族,一伙人
参考例句:
  • This is a subject tribe.这是个受他人统治的部落。
  • Many of the tribe's customs and rituals are as old as the hills.这部落的许多风俗、仪式都极其古老。
5 tribes f3d6790faa976a2695d01a08f7b2ba64     
n.部落( tribe的名词复数 );(动、植物的)族;(一)帮;大群
参考例句:
  • tribes living in remote areas of the Amazonian rainforest 居住在亚马孙河雨林偏远地区的部落
  • In Africa the snake is still sacred with many tribes. 非洲许多部落仍认为蛇是不可冒犯的。 来自《简明英汉词典》
6 fort pi3x4     
n.要塞,堡垒,碉堡
参考例句:
  • The fort can not be defended against an air attack.这座要塞遭到空袭时无法防御。
  • No one can get into the fort without a pass.没有通行证,任何人不得进入要塞。
7 Scotland CjtzPw     
n.苏格兰
参考例句:
  • He has been hiking round Scotland for a month.他围着苏格兰徒步旅行了一个月。
  • Scotland is to the north of England.苏格兰在英格兰之北。
8 colony 7qNzN     
n.殖民地;(同类人的)聚居地
参考例句:
  • There lived a colony of bees on the tree.树上生活着一群蜜蜂。
  • They live in an artists'colony.他们住在艺术家聚居区。
9 governor 1f8xe     
n.统治者,地方长官(如省长,州长,总督等)
参考例句:
  • The governor was an expert at fencing with reporters.这位州长是搪塞新闻记者的能手。
  • He was elected governor of the state of California.他当选为加州州长。
10 mister rnQzwB     
n.(略作Mr.全称很少用于书面)先生
参考例句:
  • Mister Smith is my good friend.史密斯先生是我的好朋友。
  • He styled himself " Mister Clean ".他自称是“清廉先生”。
11 warships 9d82ffe40b694c1e8a0fdc6d39c11ad8     
军舰,战舰( warship的名词复数 ); 舰只
参考例句:
  • The enemy warships were disengaged from the battle after suffering heavy casualties. 在遭受惨重伤亡后,敌舰退出了海战。
  • The government fitted out warships and sailors for them. 政府给他们配备了战舰和水手。
12 surrender Qquyk     
v.投降,自首;屈服;交出,放弃
参考例句:
  • He preferred to die rather than surrender to the enemy.他宁死也不愿向敌人投降。
  • Liu Hulan would rather die than surrender before the enemy.刘胡兰在敌人面前宁死不屈。
13 Englishmen gt7zmL     
n.英国人;英格兰(男)人,英国(男)人( Englishman的名词复数 );英国人的家就是他的城堡(意即一个人的家是安全的私人场所)
参考例句:
  • Few Englishmen wear frock coats now.They went out years ago. 现在,英国人很少穿大礼服了,大礼服在多年以前就不时兴了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • During the disturbance which followed, three Englishmen were hurt. 在接下来的骚乱中,3名英国人受伤。 来自辞典例句
14 honor IQDzL     
n.光荣;敬意;荣幸;vt.给…以荣誉;尊敬
参考例句:
  • I take your visit as a great honor.您的来访是我莫大的光荣。
  • It is a great honor to receive that prize.能拿到那个奖是无上的光荣。
15 colonies bd09786b76b982261351b68fad9d9e44     
n.殖民地( colony的名词复数 );(侨民等)聚居区;(动植物的)群体;(来自同一地方,职业或兴趣相同的)聚居人群
参考例句:
  • They amassed huge wealth by plundering the colonies. 他们通过掠夺殖民地聚敛了大笔的财富。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • But throughout the colonies, people relied primarily on small farms and self-sufficiency. 但就整个殖民地来说,人们主要依靠小型农场,过着自给自足的生活。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
16 bullets lxFzBH     
n.弹药;军火
参考例句:
  • The bodies of the hostages were found riddled with bullets. 在人质的尸体上发现了很多弹孔。
  • The bullets and cannon-balls were flying in all directions. 子弹和炮弹到处乱飞。
17 treaty nmlwj     
n.条约;协议,协定
参考例句:
  • Hungary has indicated its readiness to sign the treaty.匈牙利已表示愿意签订该条约。
  • I believe this treaty will pave the way to peace in Europe. 我相信这个条约将为欧洲的和平铺平道路。
18 newly cG7xE     
adv.新近,最近;重新,再度;以新的方式
参考例句:
  • Have you reviewed for this newly published novel?你给这本新出版的小说写书评了吗?
  • It is a newly planted tree and it has not established yet.这是一颗新栽的树,还没有扎下根来。
19 helping 2rGzDc     
n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的,辅助的
参考例句:
  • The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
  • By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。
20 buffalo 1Sby4     
n.(北美)野牛;(亚洲)水牛
参考例句:
  • Asian buffalo isn't as wild as that of America's. 亚洲水牛比美洲水牛温顺些。
  • The boots are made of buffalo hide. 这双靴子是由水牛皮制成的。
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TAG标签:   Explorations  Hudson  River  Explorations  Hudson  River
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