VOA慢速英语2011--Words and Their Stories: Hobson’s Choi

Words and Their Stories: Hobson’s Choice

Now, the VOA Special English program WORDS AND THEIR STORIES.
现在是美国之音慢速英语词汇典故节目。
Making choices is necessary, but not always easy. Many of our expressions tell about this difficulty.
做出选择是必要的，但它不总是一件容易的事情。有很多短语都描述了这种选择的艰难。
One of these expressions is Hobson’s choice. It often is used to describe a difficult choice. But that is not what it really means. Its real meaning is to have no choice at all.
其中的短语之一就是Hobson's choice（霍布森的选择）。它经常被用于描述艰难的选择。但那并不是其真正含义。实际上它是指根本没有选择。
The Hobson in the expression was Thomas Hobson. Mister¹ Hobson owned a stable of horses in Cambridge, England.
短语中的提到的霍布森是指托马斯·霍布森(Thomas Hobson)。霍布森先生在英国剑桥拥有一个马棚。
Mister Hobson often rented horses to the students at Cambridge University. But, he did not really trust them to take good care of the horses. So, he had a rule that prevented the students from riding his best horses. They could take the horse that was nearest the stable door. Or, they could not take any horse at all.
霍布森先生经常把马匹租给剑桥大学的学生。但他实际上并不相信学生们会善待他的马匹。所以他有一个规则来防止学生们骑他最好的马。学生们只能选最靠近马棚大门的马匹，换句话说，学生们根本不能选择其他任何马匹。
Thus, a Hobson’s choice was really no choice.
因此，“霍布森的选择”实际上是指别无选择。
Another expression for having no real choice is between a rock and a hard place. It is often used to describe a difficult situation with few choices, none of them good.
另一个表示别无选择的短语是between a rock and a hard place（进退两难）。它常用于形容一种选择面小，且没什么好选择的困难局面。
For example, your boss may ask you to work late. But you have plans to go to a movie with your friends. If you refuse to work, your boss gets angry. But if you do not go to the movies with your friends, they may get angry. So what do you do? You are caught between a rock and a hard place.
例如，你的老板要求你加班到很晚。但你已经计划好和朋友们一起去看电影。如果你拒绝加班，老板会生气。而如果你不去看电影，朋友们又会生气。这时你该怎么办呢？你陷入了进退两难。
Another expression, between the devil² and the deep blue sea, also gives you a choice between two equally dangerous things.
另一短语，between the devil and the deep blue sea（进退维谷），表示在两个同样危险的事情之间做出选择。
Its meaning seems clear. You can choose the devil and his burning fires of hell³. Or, you can choose to drown in the sea. Some word experts say the expression comes from the days of wooden ships.
这个短语的含义显而易见。你可以选择恶魔和他燃烧着熊熊大火的地狱。或选择淹死在海里。一些词汇专家称，这句话出自木船时代。
The devil is a word for a seam⁴ between two pieces of wood along the water-line of a ship. If the seam or crack between the two pieces of wood begins to leak, then a sailor must fix it. The sailor ordered to make the repairs was in a dangerous situation. He was hanging over the side of the ship, working between the devil and the deep blue sea.
这个短语中，魔鬼这个词是指沿着船的吃水线的两块木板的接缝处。如果这个接缝或裂缝开始漏水，水手必须修好它。被命令去修理接缝的水手处于一种危险境地。他被吊在船的外侧，在接缝处和大海之间工作。
There is still another expression that describes a situation with only bad choices, being on the horns of a dilemma⁵.
还有一个语句，being on the horns of a dilemma（左右为难）. 形容一种只有不好选择的状况。
The dictionary says a dilemma is a situation in which you must make a decision about two equally balanced choices. When your dilemma has horns, a choice becomes impossible. When you are on the horns of a dilemma, no matter which horn you choose, something bad will happen.
词典解释说，“Dilemma”是指必须就两个均衡选项做出选择的情况。一旦它“长出尖角”，选择就变得不再可能。当你身处左右为难的境地，不管你怎么选择，都将有坏事情发生。

1 mister   

n.(略作Mr.全称很少用于书面)先生

参考例句：

• Mister Smith is my good friend.史密斯先生是我的好朋友。
• He styled himself " Mister Clean ".他自称是“清廉先生”。

2 devil   

n.魔鬼，恶魔

参考例句：

• It is easier to raise the devil than to lay him.召鬼容易驱鬼难。
• Susie,you're a determined little devil.苏茜，你真是个坚决的小家伙。

3 hell   

n.地狱，阴间；用以咒骂或表示愤怒，不满

参考例句：

• It's a hell of a hike from Sydney to Perth.从悉尼到珀斯的徒步旅行简直苦死了。
• The boss really gave me hell today.老板今天着实数落了我一通。

4 seam   

n.缝，接缝；vt.用缝缝，接缝；vi.有裂缝

参考例句：

• The seam of his coat is pulled.他外套的线缝被撕开了。
• His shirt ripped at the seam.他的衬衣缝口撕开了。

5 dilemma   

n.困境，进退两难的局面

参考例句：

• I am on the horns of a dilemma about the matter.这件事使我进退两难。
• He was thrown into a dilemma.他陷入困境。