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VOA慢速英语2013 PEOPLE IN AMERICA - Katharine Graham, 1917- 2001: She Was the Powerful Owner and Publisher of The Washington Post

时间:2013-04-08 09:00来源:互联网 提供网友:nan   字体: [ ]
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PEOPLE IN AMERICA - Katharine Graham, 1917- 2001: She Was the Powerful Owner and Publisher of The Washington Post

VOICE ONE:

I'm Shirley Griffith.

VOICE TWO:

And I'm Doug Johnson with the VOA Special English program, PEOPLE IN AMERICA. Today we tell about Katharine Graham. She was the owner and publisher of The Washington Post newspaper.

(MUSIC)

VOICE ONE:

Katharine Meyer Graham was once described as "the most powerful woman in America." She was not a government official or elected representative. She owned and published The Washington Post newspaper. Under her leadership, it became one of the most important newspapers in the country.

Katharine Meyer was born in New York City in nineteen seventeen. She was the daughter of Eugene and Agnes Meyer. Her father was a successful investment1 banker. He became an important financial official. Her family was very rich.

Katharine grew up in large houses in New York and Washington. Her parents were often away from home, traveling and working. Katharine was often lonely.

Katherine Meyer graduated from the University of Chicago in Illinois in nineteen thirty-eight. She got a job as a reporter for a newspaper in San Francisco, California.

VOICE TWO:

In nineteen thirty-three, Eugene Meyer had bought a failing newspaper, The Washington Post. It was the least successful of five newspapers in Washington.

Katharine returned to Washington and got a job editing2 letters to the editor of her father's newspaper. She married Philip Graham. He was a lawyer and former assistant to two Supreme3 Court justices. Mister4 Graham soon accepted a job at his wife's father's newspaper.

In nineteen forty-six, Eugene Meyer left the newspaper to become the first president of the World Bank. Philip Graham became publisher of The Washington Post.

VOICE ONE:

Mister Graham improved The Washington Post. He bought Newsweek magazine and several television stations. He also established close ties with important political leaders. However, Mister Graham treated his wife badly. He made her feel unimportant5. He had a sexual6 relationship with a young reporter. For many years, Mister Graham suffered from mental illness. He killed himself in nineteen sixty-three.

VOICE TWO:

Katharine Graham had four children to raise and a newspaper to operate. At first, she was concerned only with finding7 a way to keep control of The Washington Post until her sons were old enough to supervise8 it. She was an insecure person.

She did not think she had the ability to do an important job.

She had no training in business or experience in operating a large company. In those days, it was unusual for a woman to be the head of a business. Women were expected to supervise only their homes and children.

VOICE ONE:

Katharine Graham met with officials of The Post. She told them the paper would not be sold. She said it would remain in her family. She was elected president of The Washington Post Company. She had no idea about how to operate a newspaper. So she decided9 to learn. She began by hiring Benjamin Bradlee. He later became chief editor. Mister Bradlee improved the newspaper. He hired excellent reporters and editors. They began doing important investigative reporting. In nineteen sixty-nine, Missus Graham became publisher as well as president of The Washington Post Company.

(MUSIC)

VOICE TWO:

In the nineteen seventies, The Washington Post became famous around the world because of two major successes. In nineteen seventy-one, The New York Times newspaper started publishing secret government documents about American involvement in the Vietnam War.

They were known as the Pentagon Papers. The administration10 of President Richard Nixon appealed to the courts to stop the publication11 of the documents. It said publication would endanger national security12. A temporary restraining13 order from a federal14 judge stopped The New York Times from publishing the documents.

VOICE ONE:

Washington Post reporters also got a copy of the Pentagon Papers. They also wanted to publish the documents. Missus Graham had to decide if the paper would publish the stories and risk possible punishment by the government. The newspaper's lawyers advised her not to publish them. Yet she decided to publish the Pentagon Papers in The Washington Post. The Supreme Court finally decided the issue. They ruled against the judge's order restraining publication of the Pentagon Papers. That ruling was considered a major success for freedom of the press.

(MUSIC)

VOICE TWO:

The next year, in nineteen seventy-two, The Washington Post had another major success reporting on a different story.

Five men had been arrested after breaking into the headquarters15 of the Democratic16 National Committee in the Watergate office building. Reporters at The Post began an intense17 investigation18 of the break-in. The Post published a series of stories by two young reporters, Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward.

After much investigation, the reporters linked the Watergate break-in to President Nixon and his top advisers19. Their stories proved that the Nixon administration directed a plot. Its goals were to illegally gather intelligence on the Democratic Party and dishonor opponents20 of the president.

VOICE ONE:

Missus Graham supported her reporters and editors through the long Watergate investigation. The Post published the stories even though government officials threatened Missus Graham and her company. The newspaper was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for public service in nineteen seventy-three for its Watergate reporting. The next year, President Nixon resigned from office.

(MUSIC)

VOICE TWO:

Katharine Graham was recognized around the world as an important leader in newspaper publishing. She was the first woman to head a major American company.

She successfully expanded The Washington Post Company to include newspaper, magazine, broadcast and cable21 companies.

Katharine Graham played an important role in supporting women in the workforce22. More women were employed at The Post and at Newsweek magazine. Missus Graham also was active in groups seeking to improve public education in Washington. She traveled around the country to make many public speeches about news media issues. She also traveled around the world to meet with foreign leaders.

VOICE ONE:

Katharine Graham was well known for having dinner parties at her home in Washington. She invited the most important people in the city. An invitation to one of her parties was almost as valuable as an invitation to dinner at the White House. Missus Graham was a close friend of American and world leaders. Her friends included leaders in government, media, business and entertainment. They included presidents, prime23 ministers and princesses.

In nineteen ninety-one, Donald Graham replaced his mother as publisher and the chief official of The Washington Post Company. At that time, the company was valued at almost two thousand million dollars.

(MUSIC)

VOICE TWO:

When she was eighty years old, Katharine Graham wrote a book about her life. It was called "Personal History." She wrote about the struggles and tragedies of her life as well as the successes. She wrote about how she battled her own insecurities to move from a traditional job as homemaker to a position of power. Critics praised the book for its honesty. The book won a Pulitzer Prize for biography24 in nineteen ninety-eight. It was extremely popular.

VOICE ONE:

Katharine Graham died of head injuries three years later after a fall. She was eighty-four. More than three thousand people attended her funeral. They included many government and business leaders. Friends of Katharine Graham said she would be remembered as a woman who had an important influence on events in the United States and the world. They said she used her intelligence and bravery to improve the American media. And they said everyone who cares about a free press would greatly miss her.

Katharine Graham once wrote: "A world without newspapers would not be the same kind of world." After her death, the employees of The Washington Post wrote: "A world without Katharine Graham will not be the same at all."

(MUSIC)

VOICE TWO:

This Special English program was written by Shelley Gollust. It was produced by Caty Weaver25. I'm Doug Johnson.

VOICE ONE:

And I'm Shirley Griffith. Join us again next week for another PEOPLE IN AMERICA program on the Voice of America.


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 investment xajzr     
n.投资,投资额;(时间、精力等的)投入
参考例句:
  • It took two years before I recouped my investment.我用了两年时间才收回投资。
  • The success of the project pivots on investment from abroad.这个工程的成功主要依靠外来投资。
2 editing 3f86cc36e1df1334da973da6771b8160     
adj.编辑的
参考例句:
  • The processing of data in random order,not subject to preliminary editing or sorting.未经预先编辑或分类,以任意次序对数据进行的处理的做法。
3 supreme PHqzc     
adj.极度的,最重要的;至高的,最高的
参考例句:
  • It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
  • He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。
4 mister rnQzwB     
n.(略作Mr.全称很少用于书面)先生
参考例句:
  • Mister Smith is my good friend.史密斯先生是我的好朋友。
  • He styled himself " Mister Clean ".他自称是“清廉先生”。
5 unimportant OfHz34     
adj.不重要的,无意义的
参考例句:
  • Let's not quarrel about such unimportant matters.我们不要为这些小事争吵了。
  • Money seems unimportant when sets beside the joys of family life.与天伦之乐相比,金钱显得微不足道。
6 sexual YiLzlw     
adj.性的,两性的,性别的
参考例句:
  • He was a person of gross sexual appetites.他是个性欲旺盛的人。
  • It is socially irresponsible to refuse young people advice on sexual matters.拒绝向年轻人提供性方面的建议是对社会不负责任。
7 finding 5tAzVe     
n.发现,发现物;调查的结果
参考例句:
  • The finding makes some sense.该发现具有一定的意义。
  • That's an encouraging finding.这是一个鼓舞人心的发现。
8 supervise FrAww     
v.监督,管理,指导
参考例句:
  • We must supervise and speed up the fulfilment of assigned tasks.已经布置了的工作,应当认真督促检查。
  • Tomorrow he will supervise all the pupils taking the English examination.明天全体学生考英语,他将担任监考。
9 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
10 administration mJLyZ     
n.经营,管理;行政,行政机关,管理部门
参考例句:
  • Who is in charge of the administration of your company?你们公司的行政工作由谁负责?
  • The teachers are responsible to the school administration.教师向学校行政负责。
11 publication xScxx     
n.出版,发行;出版;公布,发表
参考例句:
  • They don't think this article is suitable for publication.他们认为这篇文章不宜发表。
  • The government has delayed publication of the trade figures.政府已将贸易统计数字延后公布。
12 security iTdzh     
n.安全,安全感;防护措施;保证(金),抵押(品);债券,证券
参考例句:
  • A security guard brought him down with a flying tackle.一名保安人员飞身把他抱倒。
  • There was tight security at the airport when the President's plane landed.总统的专机降落时,机场的保安措施很严密。
13 restraining cfebae4200a7e347f3c4ba9959f25a96     
adj.抑制的,遏制的,控制的v.抑制( restrain的现在分词 );管制;制止;控制
参考例句:
  • Mrs. Wang half pushed aside his restraining arm and said, \"Nonsense! 汪太太半推开他拦着的手道:“胡说! 来自汉英文学 - 围城
  • \"That would never do!\" Her companion put out a restraining hand. 老太婆连忙摆摆手,教训地说:“这样不对呀! 来自汉英文学 - 中国现代小说
14 federal RkSxm     
adj.联盟的;联邦的;(美国)联邦政府的
参考例句:
  • Switzerland is a federal republic.瑞士是一个联邦共和国。
  • The schools are screaming for federal aid.那些学校强烈要求联邦政府的援助。
15 headquarters Eryz21     
n.司令部,指挥部;总部,总店
参考例句:
  • Several great guns from the headquarters are coming to see us today.总部的几个大人物今天要来看我们。
  • The bank has its headquarters in Pairs.这家银行的总行在巴黎。
16 democratic uwSxu     
adj.民主的;民主主义的,有民主精神的
参考例句:
  • Their country has democratic government.他们国家实行民主政体。
  • He has a democratic work-style.他作风民主。
17 intense G5axf     
adj.认真的,专注的;强烈的;紧张的;热情的
参考例句:
  • Susan was an intense young lady.苏珊是一个热情的年轻姑娘。
  • The quarrel caused her intense unhappiness.争吵令她极其不快。
18 investigation MRKzq     
n.调查,调查研究
参考例句:
  • In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
  • He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。
19 advisers d4866a794d72d2a666da4e4803fdbf2e     
顾问,劝告者( adviser的名词复数 ); (指导大学新生学科问题等的)指导教授
参考例句:
  • a member of the President's favoured circle of advisers 总统宠爱的顾问班子中的一员
  • She withdrew to confer with her advisers before announcing a decision. 她先去请教顾问然后再宣布决定。
20 opponents a1486754c511a0dd96487e99c9f05812     
n.对手,敌手( opponent的名词复数 );反对者
参考例句:
  • Somehow he always manages to outwit his opponents. 他反正总能设法智胜对手。
  • to use strong-arm tactics against your political opponents 用强制手段对付政敌
21 cable wSoyT     
n.缆绳,索;电缆;电报;vt.电汇,打电报
参考例句:
  • Don't forget to cable us as soon as you arrive.别忘了一到就给我发个电报。
  • The worker attached a cable.工人连接电缆。
22 workforce workforce     
n.劳动大军,劳动力
参考例句:
  • A large part of the workforce is employed in agriculture.劳动人口中一大部分受雇于农业。
  • A quarter of the local workforce is unemployed.本地劳动力中有四分之一失业。
23 prime lBVyB     
adj.首要的,主要的;最好的,第一流的
参考例句:
  • The prime minister spoke of the general insecurity in the country.总理谈到了全国普遍存在的不安全。
  • He met with the Prime Minister of Japan for an hour.他和日本首相会见了一个小时。
24 biography YRfyx     
n.个人经历,传记
参考例句:
  • He is now collecting material for a biography of Tao Yuanming.他正在为写陶渊明传记搜集材料。
  • Boswell wrote a famous biography of Dr.White.鲍斯韦尔为怀特博士写过一本著名传记。
25 weaver LgWwd     
n.织布工;编织者
参考例句:
  • She was a fast weaver and the cloth was very good.她织布织得很快,而且布的质量很好。
  • The eager weaver did not notice my confusion.热心的纺织工人没有注意到我的狼狈相。
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TAG标签:   VOA慢速英语  Owner  Post
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