VOA慢速英语2016 运动能预防两大疾病

Exercise Can Protect Against Two Major Diseases 运动能预防两大疾病

From VOA Learning English, this is the Health & Lifestyle report.

这里是美国之音慢速英语健康和生活方式报道。

We all know that exercise keeps us healthy. But two new studies get more specific. They look at how exercise may lower the risk of two major causes of death – cancer and stroke.

我们都知道运动可以让我们身体健康。但是两项新的研究得到了更为具体的结果。它们研究了运动可以如何降低两项主要死亡原因的风险，也就是癌症和中风。

One study says exercise may lower the risk for 13 types of cancer. Another says that middle-aged¹ people can reduce their chance of having a stroke by exercising.

一项研究表示，运动可以降低13种癌症的风险。另一项研究表示，中年人可以通过运动降低他们中风的几率。

First let's talk about cancer.

首先我们来谈谈癌症。

Steven Moore of the National Cancer Institute led a team of researchers to study more than 1.4 million people.

美国国家癌症研究所的史蒂芬·摩尔（Steven Moore）领导的研究团队对140多万人进行了研究。

The study looked at participants in 12 U.S. and European groups. These people reported on their physical activity between 1987 and 2004. The researchers looked at the occurrence of 26 kinds of cancer among the participants during, on average, the next 11 years.

这项研究调查了欧美12家组织的参与者。这些人在1987年到2004年期间汇报了他们的身体活动情况。研究人员查看了这些参与者在接下来平均11年期间26种癌症的发生情况。

Many participants reported walking, running and swimming. The researchers took into account how long they exercised per week, what they ate, if they were obese² and if they smoked.

许多参与者报告了散布、跑步和游泳。研究人员着重考虑了他们每周进行了多长时间运动，吃了什么，他们是否肥胖以及是否吸烟。

In an interview with NBC News, Moore explains that exercise "can help people reduce their risk of heart disease. It can reduce the risk of diabetes³." It helps you live longer. And now, he adds, it appears that it may reduce the risks of some cancers."

摩尔在接受NBC新闻的一次采访中解释说，运动“可以帮助们降低患心脏病的风险，也能降低患糖尿病的风险。”运动能使人长寿。而现在，他补充说，看来运动还能降低一些癌症的风险。

Moore and his team found that exercise lowered the risk of developing:

摩尔和他的研究团队发现，运动减少了患病的风险：

cancer of the esophagus by 42 percent

食道癌降低了42%

liver cancer by 27 percent

肝癌降低了27%

lung cancer by 26 percent and

肺癌降低了26%

breast cancer by 10 percent.

乳腺癌降低了10%

Exercise also lowered the risk of a specific type of leukemia by 20 percent.

运动还能让患上某种特定类型白血病的风险降低20%。

Moore told NBC that there are some possible explanations for the findings. First, exercise can lower hormone⁴ levels like estrogen. Lower levels of estrogen would lower the risk of breast and endometrial cancers. He adds that exercise helps maintain insulin and that may lower overall inflammation in the body.

摩尔对NBC表示，这一发现存在一些可能的解释。首先，运动可以降低激素水平，像是雌性激素。雌性激素水平较低会降低乳腺癌和子宫内膜癌的风险。他补充说，运动有助于维持胰岛素，而这可以降低体内的整体炎症。

However, one type of cancer puzzled the researchers.

然而某种类型的癌症困扰着这些研究人员。

They found that exercise increased the chance of developing prostate cancer by five percent. But they wrote that they could not explain the connection.

他们发现，运动让患上前列腺癌的机会增加了5%。但是这些研究人员称他们无法解释这种关联。

The researchers also found that people who did heavier exercises had a slightly higher rate of skin cancer. This, they say, could be from more sun exposure.

这些研究人员还发现，运动量更大的人们患上皮肤癌的几率略高。他们表示，这可能是因为接受了更多的日照。

Now, how exercise affects strokes.

现在我们来说说运动如何影响中风。

The more fit a person is in middle age, the less likely he or she will have a crippling stroke after age 65.

人们在中年时越健壮，65岁之后严重中风的可能性就更低。

This is the result of a new study by the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.

这是得克萨斯大学西南医学中心一项新研究的成果。

Doctors studied 20,000 men and women between the ages of 45 and 50. They found that those who were most fit from moderate to vigorous exercise had a 37 percent lower risk of a stroke than those who were least fit.

医生们研究了年龄在45岁到50岁的2万名男女。他们发现，最适应中度至重度运动的人们比最不适应的人们中风的风险低了37%。

They say the lowered risk of a future stroke was present even when the subjects had other risk factors. These factors include high blood pressure and type-2 diabetes.

他们表示，未来中风的风险降低是存在的，即便这些研究对象存在其它风险因素。这些因素包括高血压和二型糖尿病。

The researchers of this study say they want doctors to not ignore low levels of exercise and fitness as risk factors for a stroke.

这项研究的研究人员表示，他们希望医生不要忽视锻炼和健身程度不高也是中风的风险因素。

This study was published in the latest issue of the medical journal called Stroke.

这项研究发表在最新一期的《中风》医学杂志上。

Words in This Story

esophagus – n. medical : the tube that leads from the mouth through the throat to the stomach

liver – n. a large organ of the body that produces bile and cleans the blood

lung – n. either one of the two organs that people and animals use to breathe air

breast – n. the front part of a person's body between the neck and the stomach

leukemia – n. medical : a very serious disease in which the body forms too many white blood cells

participant – n. a person who is involved in an activity or event : a person who participates in an activity or event

took into account – ?idiomatic⁵ phrase. to consider something

endometrial – adj. the mucous⁶ membrane⁷ lining⁸ the uterus

insulin – n. a substance that your body makes and uses to turn sugar into energy

inflammation – n. a condition in which a part of your body becomes red, swollen⁹, and painful

puzzled – adj. feeling or showing confusion because something is difficult to understand

fit – adj. physically¹⁰ healthy and strong

cripple – v. to cause (a person or animal) to be unable to move or walk normally

factors – n. something that helps produce or influence a result : one of the things that cause something to happen

1 middle-aged   

adj.中年的

参考例句：

• I noticed two middle-aged passengers.我注意到两个中年乘客。
• The new skin balm was welcome by middle-aged women.这种新护肤香膏受到了中年妇女的欢迎。

2 obese   

adj.过度肥胖的，肥大的

参考例句：

• The old man is really obese,it can't be healthy.那位老人确实过于肥胖了，不能算是健康。
• Being obese and lazy is dangerous to health.又胖又懒危害健康。

3 diabetes   

n.糖尿病

参考例句：

• In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者，医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
• Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。

4 hormone   

n.荷尔蒙，激素，内分泌

参考例句：

• Hormone implants are used as growth boosters.激素植入物被用作生长辅助剂。
• This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body.这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。

5 idiomatic   

adj.成语的，符合语言习惯的

参考例句：

• In our reading we should always be alert for idiomatic expressions.我们在阅读过程中应经常注意惯用法。
• In his lecture,he bore down on the importance of idiomatic usage in a language.他在演讲中着重强调了语言中习惯用法的重要性。

6 mucous   

adj. 黏液的，似黏液的

参考例句：

• Healthy,skin,mucous membranes,and cilia are natural barriers to many viruses.健康的皮肤，粘膜和纤毛是许多病毒的天然屏障。
• Seromucous glands contain both mucous and serous cells.浆粘液腺既含有粘液性细胞，又含有浆液性细胞。

7 membrane   

n.薄膜，膜皮，羊皮纸

参考例句：

• A vibrating membrane in the ear helps to convey sounds to the brain.耳膜的振动帮助声音传送到大脑。
• A plastic membrane serves as selective diffusion barrier.一层塑料薄膜起着选择性渗透屏障的作用。

8 lining   

n.衬里，衬料

参考例句：

• The lining of my coat is torn.我的外套衬里破了。
• Moss makes an attractive lining to wire baskets.用苔藓垫在铁丝篮里很漂亮。

9 swollen   

adj.肿大的，水涨的；v.使变大，肿胀

参考例句：

• Her legs had got swollen from standing up all day.因为整天站着，她的双腿已经肿了。
• A mosquito had bitten her and her arm had swollen up.蚊子叮了她，她的手臂肿起来了。

10 physically   

adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律

参考例句：

• He was out of sorts physically,as well as disordered mentally.他浑身不舒服，心绪也很乱。
• Every time I think about it I feel physically sick.一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。