VOA慢速英语2017 前波斯尼亚塞族指挥官米洛舍维奇奇被判种族灭绝罪

 

A United Nations’ Yugoslav war crimes court has ruled against former Bosnian Serb army leader Ratko Mladic.

Mladic was found guilty of genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity for actions during the conflict in the former Yugoslavia during the 1990s.

The court found him guilty on 10 of the 11 charges he faced, including persecution¹, extermination², murder, terror and unlawful attacks on civilians³. He was sentenced to life in prison.

The court said Mladic tried to destroy the Bosnian Muslim population in the town of Srebrenica. And it said that, in Sarajevo, he personally directed a campaign of shelling and sniping meant to spread terror among civilians.

It noted⁴ that Mladic had talked about a desire to create an ethnically⁵ homogenous⁶ Bosnian Serb republic.

Mladic was in the courtroom on Wednesday, but was not present when a judge started reading the court’s findings. He asked to go to the restroom for five minutes, but did not return for 45 minutes. His lawyer said Mladic’s blood pressure was dangerously high. He asked the judge to either stop reading the verdict or go straight to the judgment⁷. When the judge refused, Mladic began shouting until he was removed from the courtroom.

Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein is the United Nations’ human rights chief. In a statement, he called the court’s ruling a “momentous⁸ victory for justice” and the “epitome⁹ of what international justice is all about.” He also said the “verdict is a warning to the perpetrators of such crimes that they will not escape justice, no matter how powerful they may be nor how long it may take.”

Mladic is the last former military leader to face war crimes charges in the court, which was set up to deal with the crimes that took place during the Bosnian war. The fighting lasted from 1992 until 1995, when the Dayton Peace Accord was signed. The agreement kept Bosnia as one country divided into two parts: the Serb Republic and the Bosnia-Croat Federation¹⁰.

Mladic was charged with leading sniper campaigns in Sarajevo and with the 1995 killings¹¹ of more than 8,000 Muslim men and boys in Srebrenica.

In 1995, at the end of the war, Mladic lived in Serbia, protected by family members and members of security forces. Many Serbs consider him to be a war hero. He was able to avoid arrest for almost 16 years. He was arrested at the home of a family member in rural northern Serbia in 2011. He has been in jail for more than five years.

Radovan Karadzic was the political leader of the Bosnian Serbs. In March, 2016 he was found guilty of war crimes and sentenced to 40 years in prison.

联合国南斯拉夫战争罪行特别法庭星期三裁决，前波斯尼亚塞族陆军领导人米洛舍维奇，在1990年代前南斯拉夫内战期间，犯有种族灭绝、战争罪，以及反人类罪。

这家法庭认定了米洛舍维奇所面临11项指控中的10项，其中包括迫害、灭绝、谋杀、递解、恐怖以及非法袭击平民等。米洛舍维奇被判终身监禁。

法官奥里尔宣读判决书时说：“所犯罪行对人类均属最残害之列，其中包括种族灭绝、毁灭这样的反人类罪。”

这家法庭还说，米洛舍维奇打算摧毁斯雷布雷尼察的波斯尼亚穆斯林人口，并且在塞拉耶佛亲自指挥了炮击和狙击战役，意在平民中散布恐怖，强化谋杀。

米洛舍维奇出庭，但是奥里尔宣读裁决时没有在场。星期三的庭审过程中，米洛舍维奇中途请求上厕所，后被准许五分钟，但是如厕时间延长到45分钟。法庭程序恢复时，他的律师说，米洛舍维奇的血压高得很危险，请求法官要么停止宣读判决，要么省略后直接宣布判决。

有“波士尼亚屠夫”之称的米洛舍维奇是在法庭面临战争罪指控的最后一名前军事领导人，这家法院是处理1992年至1995年肆虐的波黑战争遗留问题而设立的。

2012年以来一直受审的米洛舍维奇，被控种族灭绝、战争罪、反人类罪等11项罪名。他涉嫌领导了塞拉耶佛的狙击手战役，以及1995年在斯雷布雷尼察屠杀八千多穆斯林和男童，那是二战以来欧洲最严重的一次大屠杀。

Words in This Story

persecute¹² – v. to treat (someone) cruelly or unfairly especially because of race or religious or political beliefs

exterminate¹³ – v. to destroy or kill (a group of animals, people, etc.) completely

snipe – v. to shoot at someone from a hidden place

homogenous – adj. made up of the same kind of people or things

momentous – adj. very important; having great or lasting¹⁴ importance

epitome – n. a perfect example; an example that represents or expresses something very well

perpetrate – v. to do (something that is illegal or wrong)

1 persecution   

n. 迫害,烦扰

参考例句：

• He had fled from France at the time of the persecution. 他在大迫害时期逃离了法国。
• Their persecution only serves to arouse the opposition of the people. 他们的迫害只激起人民对他们的反抗。

2 extermination   

n.消灭，根绝

参考例句：

• All door and window is sealed for the extermination of mosquito. 为了消灭蚊子，所有的门窗都被封闭起来了。 来自辞典例句
• In doing so they were saved from extermination. 这样一来却使它们免于绝灭。 来自辞典例句

3 civilians   

平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )； 老百姓

参考例句：

• the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
• At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后，至少有300名平民下落不明。

4 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

5 ethnically   

adv.人种上，民族上

参考例句：

• Ethnically, the Yuan Empire comprised most of modern China's ethnic groups. 元朝的民族成分包括现今中国绝大多数民族。 来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书
• Russia is ethnically relatively homogeneous. 俄罗斯是个民族成分相对单一的国家。 来自辞典例句

6 homogenous   

adj.同类的，同质的，纯系的

参考例句：

• Japan is a wealthy,homogenous,developed nation with a stable political system.日本是一个富裕的同质型发达国家，政治体制稳定。
• My family is very homogenous and happy.我们这个家庭很和睦很幸福。

7 judgment   

n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见

参考例句：

• The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people.主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。
• He's a man of excellent judgment.他眼力过人。

8 momentous   

adj.重要的，重大的

参考例句：

• I am deeply honoured to be invited to this momentous occasion.能应邀出席如此重要的场合，我深感荣幸。
• The momentous news was that war had begun.重大的新闻是战争已经开始。

9 epitome   

n.典型，梗概

参考例句：

• He is the epitome of goodness.他是善良的典范。
• This handbook is a neat epitome of everyday hygiene.这本手册概括了日常卫生的要点。

10 federation   

n.同盟，联邦，联合，联盟，联合会

参考例句：

• It is a federation of 10 regional unions.它是由十个地方工会结合成的联合会。
• Mr.Putin was inaugurated as the President of the Russian Federation.普京正式就任俄罗斯联邦总统。

11 killings   

谋杀( killing的名词复数 )； 突然发大财，暴发

参考例句：

• His statement was seen as an allusion to the recent drug-related killings. 他的声明被视为暗指最近与毒品有关的多起凶杀案。
• The government issued a statement condemning the killings. 政府发表声明谴责这些凶杀事件。

12 persecute   

vt.迫害，虐待；纠缠，骚扰

参考例句：

• They persecute those who do not conform to their ideas.他们迫害那些不信奉他们思想的人。
• Hitler's undisguised effort to persecute the Jews met with worldwide condemnation.希特勒对犹太人的露骨迫害行为遭到世界人民的谴责。

13 exterminate   

v.扑灭，消灭，根绝

参考例句：

• Some people exterminate garden insects by spraying poison on the plants.有些人在植物上喷撒毒剂以杀死花园内的昆虫。
• Woodpeckers can exterminate insect pests hiding in trees.啄木鸟能消灭躲在树里的害虫。

14 lasting   

adj.永久的，永恒的；vbl.持续，维持

参考例句：

• The lasting war debased the value of the dollar.持久的战争使美元贬值。
• We hope for a lasting settlement of all these troubles.我们希望这些纠纷能获得永久的解决。