VOA慢速英语2018--研究表明服用阿司匹林或弊大于利

Study: For Some, Daily Aspirin¹ May Do More Harm Than Good

From VOA Learning English, this is the Health & Lifestyle report.

这里是VOA慢速英语健康生活报道。

Many people take aspirin to help ease pain in the head or muscles. But there is another use for this pain-relieving medicine. Aspirin is often used as a blood thinner since it costs less than other treatments.

许多人服用阿司匹林来缓解头部或肌肉的疼痛。但是这种镇痛药物还有另一种用途。阿司匹林通常被用作血液稀释剂，因为其成本比其他疗法低。

Some doctors advise patients who have suffered a heart attack, stroke or other heart problems to take a small amount of aspirin every day.

一些医生建议患有心脏病、中风或其他心脏问题的患者每天服用少量阿司匹林。

Doctor Holly² Andersen is a heart specialist with the New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center in New York City.

霍利·安德森医生是纽约长老会医院威尔康奈尔医学中心的心脏病专家。

"It's clear that people who have had heart attacks, or most strokes, can benefit from taking a baby aspirin every day. It's very important. It reduces your future risk of stroke, heart attack and can make you live longer."

“很明显，心脏病患者或大多数中风患者每天服用少量阿司匹林有利于健康。这非常重要。阿司匹林可以减少患者未来中风和心脏病发作的风险，还可以延长寿命。”

Experts at the European Society of Cardiology agree.

欧洲心脏病学会的专家同意这种观点。

They wrote in a statement, “The benefit of aspirin for preventing a second heart attack or stroke is well established. Its use for preventing first events is controversial.” The experts go on to say that warnings against using aspirin come from an “increased risk of major bleeding.”

他们在声明中表示，“阿司匹林在预防第二次心脏病发作或中风方面的益处已经得到证实。而其在预防首次病发方面的作用则存在争议。”这些专家还说，警告患者不要服用阿司匹林是因为其可能“增加大出血的风险”。

Now, major research has tested whether aspirin can help to prevent a first-time heart problem. Results from two large studies found that it cannot.

主要研究已经对阿司匹林是否有助于预防首次心脏病发进行了测试。两项大型研究得出的结论是否定的。

Boston study

波士顿研究

A new American study involved more than 12,000 patients. They were all at moderate risk of a heart problem because of other issues, like high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol³ or smoking. These patients showed no improvement after taking aspirin.

美国一项新研究对超过1.2万名患者进行了调查。这些调查对象全是由于高血壓、高胆固醇和吸烟等其它健康问题而有中度心脏病风险的患者。这些患者在服用阿司匹林后没有任何改善。

Financing for this study came from the German drug company Bayer, which manufactures aspirin. Lead researcher J. Michael Gaziano spoke⁴ about the findings.

为这项研究提供资金的是德国制药企业拜耳，该公司生产阿司匹林。首席研究员J.迈克尔·加里亚诺谈到了这一研究。

"Risk that a person has, changes over time and some of that change is due to some of the things that we do like managing their risk factors and then taking care of them when they develop symptoms."

“人们面临的风险会随着时间而变化，有些变化是因为我们采取了措施，比如管理风险因素，并在出现症状时进行治疗。”

Dr. Gaziano works at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. A report on the study notes that he is a member of the Scientific Advisory⁵ Board for the International Aspirin Foundation. On the group’s website, he states that he has received money from Bayer.

加里亚诺医生在马萨诸塞州波士顿的布里翰妇女医院工作。这项研究的报告指出，他是国际阿司匹林基金会科学顾问委员会委员。加里亚诺医生在该组织的官网上表示，他接受了拜耳公司提供的资金。

Oxford⁶ study

牛津研究

The other new aspirin-related study comes from the University of Oxford in Britain. It involved more than 15,000 adults with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes⁷. Other than this condition, these men and women were generally in good health and had no history of heart disease.

另一项与阿司匹林有关的新研究由英国牛津大学进行。这项研究对超过1.5万名患有1型糖尿病和2型糖尿病的成年人进行了调查。除了患有糖尿病，这些调查对象基本上健康状况良好，没有心脏病史。

Researchers ordered the subjects to take either aspirin, fish oil, both aspirin and fish oil, or a placebo⁸ – a harmless substance -- every day.

研究人员让调查对象选择每天服用阿司匹林或鱼油，或是既服用阿司匹林又服用鱼油，或是服用安慰剂这种无害物质。

After 7 years, the aspirin users had fewer heart problems than the other subjects. But they also had more cases of serious internal bleeding. Researchers say these adults simply traded one risk for another.

7年半之后，阿司匹林服用者的心脏问题要少于其他调查对象。但是相比于其他调查对象，阿司匹林服用者出现严重内出血情况的更多。研究人员表示，可以说，这些成年人用一种风险交换了另一种风险。

The lead investigator⁹ was Jane Armitage of the University of Oxford.

这项研究的首席调查员是牛津大学的简·阿米蒂奇。

"We also saw almost a 30 percent increased risk in major bleeding. So, that was bleeding bad enough to get you into hospital. Mainly from the gut¹⁰, or bleeding into the eye or brain and if it was in to the eye, it was bad enough to threaten your sight."

“我们还发现，大出血的风险增长了近30%。这种大出血严重到要进医院治疗。主要表现在肠道出血，或血液流入眼睛或大脑，如果流入眼睛，就会危及视力。”

Financing for this study came mainly from the British Heart Foundation. The findings were announced last week at the European Society of Cardiology Congress in Munich, Germany.

这项研究的资金主要由英国心脏基金会提供。研究结果于上周在德国慕尼黑举行的欧洲心脏病学会年会上发表。

At that meeting, Dr. Armitage was asked about the possible health risks of taking aspirin. She told the Associated Press, ‘‘If you’re healthy, it’s probably not worth taking it.’’

在那场年会上，阿米蒂奇被问及服用阿司匹林可能产生的健康风险。她对美联社记者表示，“如果你身体健康，那可能不必服用。”

Words in This Story

benefit – n. something that produces good or helpful results or effects or that promotes well-being¹¹

baby aspirin – medical n. A popular term for a type of aspirin that contains 81 mg or less of aspirin and is used to reduce blood clotting¹².

cardiology – n. the study of the heart and of diseases that affect the heart

controversial – adj. relating to or causing much discussion, disagreement, or argument : likely to produce controversy¹³

manage – v. to keep (something) under your control

factor – n. something that helps produce or influence a result : one of the things that cause something to happen

symptom – n. a change in the body or mind which indicates that a disease is present

gut – n. the internal organs of an animal

1 aspirin   

n.阿司匹林

参考例句：

• The aspirin seems to quiet the headache.阿司匹林似乎使头痛减轻了。
• She went into a chemist's and bought some aspirin.她进了一家药店，买了些阿司匹林。

2 holly   

n.[植]冬青属灌木

参考例句：

• I recently acquired some wood from a holly tree.最近我从一棵冬青树上弄了些木料。
• People often decorate their houses with holly at Christmas.人们总是在圣诞节时用冬青来装饰房屋。

3 cholesterol   

n.（U）胆固醇

参考例句：

• There is cholesterol in the cell of body.人体细胞里有胆固醇。
• They are determining the serum-protein and cholesterol levels.他们正在测定血清蛋白和胆固醇的浓度。

4 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

5 advisory   

adj.劝告的，忠告的，顾问的，提供咨询

参考例句：

• I have worked in an advisory capacity with many hospitals.我曾在多家医院做过顾问工作。
• He was appointed to the advisory committee last month.他上个月获任命为顾问委员会委员。

6 Oxford   

n.牛津（英国城市）

参考例句：

• At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
• This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。

7 diabetes   

n.糖尿病

参考例句：

• In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者，医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
• Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。

8 placebo   

n.安慰剂；宽慰话

参考例句：

• The placebo has been found to work with a lot of different cases.人们已发现安慰剂能在很多不同的病例中发挥作用。
• The placebo effect refers to all the observable behaviors caused by placebo.安慰剂效应是指由安慰剂所引起的可观察的行为。

9 investigator   

n.研究者，调查者，审查者

参考例句：

• He was a special investigator for the FBI.他是联邦调查局的特别调查员。
• The investigator was able to deduce the crime and find the criminal.调查者能够推出犯罪过程并锁定罪犯。

10 gut   

n.[pl.]胆量；内脏；adj.本能的；vt.取出内脏

参考例句：

• It is not always necessary to gut the fish prior to freezing.冷冻鱼之前并不总是需要先把内脏掏空。
• My immediate gut feeling was to refuse.我本能的直接反应是拒绝。

11 well-being   

n.安康，安乐，幸福

参考例句：

• He always has the well-being of the masses at heart.他总是把群众的疾苦挂在心上。
• My concern for their well-being was misunderstood as interference.我关心他们的幸福，却被误解为多管闲事。

12 clotting   

v.凝固( clot的现在分词 )；烧结

参考例句：

• The study was also based only on the one anti-clotting drug. 所用抗血栓药物也仅限于一种。 来自互联网
• A plasma protein that is converted into thrombin during blood clotting. 凝血原酶一种血浆蛋白质，在血液凝聚时转化成凝血''。'酵'。''''。'素'。''。 来自互联网

13 controversy   

n.争论，辩论，争吵

参考例句：

• That is a fact beyond controversy.那是一个无可争论的事实。
• We ran the risk of becoming the butt of every controversy.我们要冒使自己在所有的纷争中都成为众矢之的的风险。