VOA慢速英语2020--图片可以帮助你记住词汇

Images Can Help You Retain Vocabulary

Suppose you are listening to a program in English and hear the word "borrow." You have heard this word many times but forget its meaning. So, you look up the equivalent¹ word in your own language. Ahh, yes, now you remember! A few days later, you see the word again, but again cannot remember its meaning. Why?

It is easy to blame yourself or think, "I have a terrible memory!" But your memory is not the problem.

The problem is that translating a word to its equivalent word in your language is not an effective way to learn vocabulary. This is because it does not create strong connections in the brain, something critical for remembering information.

To really learn words, you have to bring attention to them and connect them with mental images or your existing knowledge. This helps your brain recall words quickly and easily when you need them. On today's Education Tips, we will discuss three methods that use images to retain vocabulary.

1-Use pictures

First, let's discuss the most straightforward² method: Using pictures as visual aids.

Michelle Zelin is an English teacher and teacher trainer. She has taught for nearly 25 years, including in South Africa, Latvia and Mauritius, her homeland.

Zelin says visual aids are important for language learners because humans think in images.

"When we hear a sentence...[when] somebody is talking to us, we see the pictures. We don't see the words. We don't see the sentence in our brain. Like ‘Yesterday, I went to the beach.' If I tell you that, you will see me on the beach. You will not see the sentence in written form."

She uses pictures or images with her beginning students and some of her mid-level students.

Cristiane Galvão has used pictures to teach vocabulary to students of every level, from grade school to the university level.

Galvão, who is based in California, has taught English for 20 years, including in the United States and Brazil.

She suggests learners make visual dictionaries with pictures from the internet, for example. This would involve writing an English word next to its image. Before you make the dictionary, think about your goals, she says. If the goal is to reinforce what you already learned about, put the words in alphabetical³ order. And organize them into related groups. But if the goal is to write a sentence using each new word, then you probably do not need to put the words into groups.

2-Use mnemonics⁴ tools

Next, let's talk about mnemonics.

These are mental tools you can use to recall information better. Most mnemonics tools involve creating mental imagery to trigger⁵ your memory. Some of you have probably already done this without realizing there is a name for it.

One great mnemonics tool is keywords. This involves making a mental image that ties two similar-sounding words together.

Take the word "bald" as an example. It means having little or no hair. The word "ball" sounds like "bald" and can help us remember the target word. In your mind, make a mental picture of a ball with a face on it. Then, picture it with no hair on top, maybe a little on the sides. Keep this image in your mind for maybe 15 seconds. The next time you try to recall "bald," it will be easier because of the keyword and connected imagery.

Alex Mullen is a biomedical engineer and one of the world's top memory competitors. In 2016, he was the USA Memory Champion. Mullen calls the mnemonics keywords tool "the art of memory" because your mind makes a kind of picture stories.

In his video on mnemonics keywords, he talks about remembering the target word "corral" by joining its imagery with an image of a sea coral. He draws a group of stick figures trapped -- or corralled – in a coral. In real life, you would probably make a mental image rather than a drawing. But Mullen's drawing demonstrates the idea of connecting a mental image of the target word with its keyword.

3-Use word maps

One final method for today is word maps, also known as semantic maps or word webs.

In a word map, you write a central word or idea in the middle and connect it with lines to related words. This helps to build mental associations between related ideas.

Danielle Zelin gives the example of the word "sharp." If you center that word, you can connect it to words of things that are sharp, such as knife, paper and scissors.

Zelin says words are much easier to remember when they have meaning in your own life. For instance, one of her French students has an English-speaking dentist. So, she learned words that she needed for her recent dental visit.

Cristiane Galvão also says that context⁶ is important. She uses word maps in the classroom only after she has already discussed a subject and shown pictures. This makes the words meaningful before putting them into map form. Otherwise, she says, you are just reading and memorizing words, which is a bad idea.

"Vocabulary is a big part of language learning. So, the more meaningful it is, the easier it is for the student to absorb."

Galvão says not every student will learn through a word map. But the maps can help you visualize⁷ and create a method that works for you.

Words in This Story

translate - n. to change words from one language into another language

association - n. a feeling, memory, or thought that is connected to a person, place or thing

visual - adj. relating to seeing or to the eyes

alphabetical - adj. arranged in the order of the letters of the alphabet

trigger - v. to cause something to start or happen

corral - v. to gather together and confine a group of people or things

coral - n. a hard material formed on the bottom of the sea by the skeletons⁸ of small creatures

stick figure - n. a very simple drawing of a person or animal, composed of a few lines, curves and dots

context - n. the situation in which something happens

absorb - v. to learn something

1 equivalent   

adj.（to）相等的，等价的；n.相等物，等值物

参考例句：

• Nodding your head is equivalent to saying "yes".点头就等于说“赞同”。
• You will receive the full equivalent of your money.你将收到与你的款项价值完全同等的物品。

2 straightforward   

adj.正直的，坦率的；易懂的，简单的

参考例句：

• A straightforward talk is better than a flowery speech.巧言不如直说。
• I must insist on your giving me a straightforward answer.我一定要你给我一个直截了当的回答。

3 alphabetical   

adj.字母（表）的，依字母顺序的

参考例句：

• Please arrange these books in alphabetical order.请把这些书按字母顺序整理一下。
• There is no need to maintain a strict alphabetical sequence.不必保持严格的字顺。

4 mnemonics   

n.记忆术

参考例句：

• Mnemonics is important in learning English.记忆术对学英语很重要。
• Mnemonics are made up of letter to represent the operation code.助记码是由字母组成，以代表操作码。

5 trigger   

n.触发器，板机，制滑机；v.触发（事件）

参考例句：

• His index finger tightened on the trigger but then relaxed again.他的食指扣住扳机，然后又松开了。
• He pulled the trigger but the gun didn't go off.他打了一枪，没有发火。

6 context   

n.背景，环境，上下文，语境

参考例句：

• You can always tell the meaning of a word from its context.你常可以从上下文中猜出词义来。
• This sentence does not seem to connect with the context.这个句子似乎与上下文脱节。

7 visualize   

vt.使看得见，使具体化，想象，设想

参考例句：

• I remember meeting the man before but I can't visualize him.我记得以前见过那个人，但他的样子我想不起来了。
• She couldn't visualize flying through space.她无法想像在太空中飞行的景象。

8 skeletons   

n.（建筑物等的）骨架( skeleton的名词复数 )；骨骼；梗概；骨瘦如柴的人（或动物）

参考例句：

• Only skeletons of buildings remained. 只剩下了建筑物的框架。 来自辞典例句
• It looks like six skeletons in front of that stone door! 在这石头门前看上去就象有六副骨骼！ 来自辞典例句