VOA慢速英语2021 用于国际旅行的疫苗护照如何工作？

Visiting another country? You will need a passport and, probably, a digital vaccination¹ document.

想要前往另一个国家？你将需要护照，并且可能还需要一张数字化疫苗接种文件。

Hoping to restore international travel, the European Union, some Asian governments and the airline industry want to create a vaccine² passport.

为了重启国际旅游，欧盟、一些亚洲国家政府以及航空业想要开发一种疫苗护照。

They are working on systems for travelers to use phone apps to prove they have been vaccinated³. This will help travelers avoid local quarantine requirements when they arrive.

他们正致力于为旅客开发一套使用手机应用程序证明自己已经接种疫苗的系统。这将有助于旅客在抵达时避开当地的检疫要求。

The various efforts, however, show the lack of a central international system to check on vaccinations⁴, either electronically or with paper documents. There are also questions about privacy and vaccine inequality.

然而各种努力表明缺乏一套集中的国际系统来检查接种情况，无论是通过电子还是纸质文件。另外还存在一些关于隐私和疫苗不平等的问题。

But many countries want them. The European Union (EU) and countries like Iceland have opened their borders to vaccinated visitors. Saudi Arabia will soon start permitting its vaccinated citizens to travel to foreign countries.

但是很多国家都有需求。欧盟和冰岛等国已经向接种过疫苗的游客开放了边境。沙特即将开始允许接种过疫苗的本国公民前往国外。

Here is a look at how vaccine passports might work:

以下是疫苗护照可能的工作原理：

Official efforts

官方举措

The EU, China and Japan are working on their own digital vaccination documents for international travel. Britain updated its National Health Service app last week to let travelers prove they have been fully⁵ vaccinated. It comes just as travel rules are easing.

欧盟、中国和日本正在为国际旅行制定他们各自的数字化疫苗接种文件。英国上周更新了该国的国家卫生服务应用程序，让旅行者证明自己已经完全接种疫苗。这一更新的出台正值旅行规定开始放松之际。

The EU is testing a digital document to confirm COVID-19 test results or recovery from the virus. It is to start by the end of June.

欧盟正在测试一种数字化文档，以确认新冠肺炎检测结果或是康复情况。它将于6月底前开始启用。

It is still unclear where and how exactly travelers in the EU will have their vaccine documents checked since there are no borders. Officials in Brussels say that question will be decided⁶ by each country.

由于欧盟内部不存在国界，目前尚不清楚将在何处，以及以何种方式对欧盟旅客的疫苗文件进行查验。欧盟官员表示，这个问题将由各国自行决定。

The idea is that travelers will show a QR code on their phones so it can be inspected at an airport or train station. Officials will check it against national databases.

目前的想法是，旅客出示手机上的二维码以便在机场或火车站对其进行查验。有关官员将根据国家数据库对其进行核验。

Travel apps

旅行应用程序

Travelers also need a phone app to show an official vaccination document.

旅客还需要安装一个手机应用程序来展示官方的疫苗接种文件。

The EU's project includes free technology European countries can use to build their official documents.

欧盟的项目包含了欧盟国家可以免费使用的技术，这些国家可以利用它来打造自己的官方文件。

The airline industry organization, the International Air Transport Association, has its own IATA Travel Pass. Airlines including Qantas, Japan Airlines, Emirates, British Airways⁷ and Virgin⁸ Atlantic have agreed to use the app. CommonPass is another app being used by Cathay Pacific, JetBlue, United and Lufthansa.

航空业组织国际航空运输协会拥有自己的IATA Travel Pass。包括澳洲航空、日本航空、阿联酋航空、英国航空以及维珍航空在内的航空公司已经同意使用该应用程序。国泰航空、捷蓝航空、美联航以及汉莎航空都在使用另一款名为CommonPass的应用程序。

Right now, Travel Pass and CommonPass are only available to travelers on airlines that are using them.

目前，Travel Pass和CommonPass都仅适用于相应航空公司的旅客。

Both can be used with airline travel apps, so users can show they have been vaccinated when they check in online. Both also plan to be used with EU vaccine documents. CommonPass says users will be able to put in their vaccine information by mid-June.

两者都可以跟航空公司的旅行应用程序一起使用，这样用户在网上办理登机手续时就能显示出他们已经接种了疫苗。两者都计划与欧盟疫苗文件一起使用。CommonPass表示，用户将可以在6月中旬之前录入他们的疫苗信息。

CommonPass head Paul Meyer said vaccine passports will only become more common.

CommonPass的负责人保罗·迈耶表示，疫苗护照只会变得越来越普遍。

"Our expectation is it will remain a requirement for international travel," he said.

他说：“我们预期它仍然是国际旅行的必要条件。”

What travelers want

旅客想法

Business travelers seem to like the idea of vaccine passports.

商务旅客似乎喜欢疫苗护照的想法。

Eymeric Segard is head of Geneva-based private jet company LunaJets. He believes vaccine passports will put an end to taking many COVID-19 tests while traveling. And he is not concerned with the possibility that vaccine documents might include personal information.

埃莫里克·赛加德是日内瓦LunaJets私人飞机公司的负责人。他认为疫苗护照将会废除旅行时需参加的多次新冠肺炎检测。而且他并不担心疫苗文件可能包含个人信息。

"I would be happy to tell anybody, yes, I am vaccinated or no I'm not vaccinated," he said.

他说：“我很高兴告诉别人，是的，我接种了疫苗，或是，不，我没接种疫苗。”

What about false documents?

虚假文件怎么办？

Digital vaccination documents would be hard to falsify, unlike paper documents.

与纸质文件相比，数字化疫苗接种文件将很难伪造。

IATA says it does not verify COVID-19 test results or whether travelers have been vaccinated. The organization adds that it will match travelers with their personal information of testing and vaccination sent from registered labs. There are checks to prevent identity theft.

国际航空运输协会称其不会验证新冠肺炎检测结果或是旅客是否接种疫苗。该组织还表示，它将使用旅客个人信息来匹配已登记实验室发送的检测和接种结果。并有检查以防止身份盗用。

Security and privacy

安全与隐私

Some people fear that vaccine passports could be used to control people, restrict freedom and invade privacy.

有人担心疫苗护照会被用于控制人民，限制自由或是侵犯隐私。

App developers, however, say very little information is kept on phones. "This doesn't bring an additional level of privacy risk," said Kevin Trilli, because it only requires a simple "yes" or "no." He is chief product officer at Onfido which is working on vaccination document technology.

但是应用程序开发人员表示，手机上保存的信息很少。凯文·特里利表示：“这不会带来更高级别的隐私风险，因为它只需要简单地回答是或者否即可。”他是Onfido的首席产品官，该公司致力于疫苗文件技术。

But it is still uncertain if the various vaccines⁹ passport systems will work together or whether countries will accept the documents of other nations. And what if each individual does not have a smartphone?

但是目前仍不确定各种疫苗护照系统是否可以协同工作，或是一个国家是否会接受其它国家的文件。并且如果每个人都没有智能手机怎么办？

IATA and EU officials say they are working on that problem.

国际航空运输协会和欧盟官员表示，他们正在解决这个问题。

1 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。

2 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

3 vaccinated   

[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的

参考例句：

• I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

4 vaccinations   

n.种痘，接种( vaccination的名词复数 )；牛痘疤

参考例句：

• Vaccinations ensure one against diseases. 接种疫苗可以预防疾病。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I read some publicity about vaccinations while waiting my turn at the doctor's. 在医生那儿候诊时，我读了一些关于接种疫苗的宣传。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

6 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

7 AIRWAYS   

航空公司

参考例句：

• The giant jets that increasingly dominate the world's airways. 越来越称雄于世界航线的巨型喷气机。
• At one point the company bought from Nippon Airways a 727 jet. 有一次公司从日本航空公司买了一架727型喷气机。

8 virgin   

n.处女，未婚女子；adj.未经使用的；未经开发的

参考例句：

• Have you ever been to a virgin forest?你去过原始森林吗？
• There are vast expanses of virgin land in the remote regions.在边远地区有大片大片未开垦的土地。

9 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。