VOA健康报道2023 美国官员建议为大多数美国人每年注射新冠疫苗

US Officials Propose Yearly COVID Shot for Most Americans

美国官员建议为大多数美国人每年注射新冠疫苗

U.S. health officials are proposing that most American adults and children should receive a single, yearly COVID-19 vaccine¹ shot.

美国卫生官员建议，大多数美国成年人和儿童每年应接种一次新冠肺炎疫苗。

The plan, put forward by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), would remove the need for people to get a series of injections and boosters throughout the year to stay protected.

这项由美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）提出的计划将消除人们在一年中注射一系列疫苗和加强剂以保持安全的需要。

The proposal was announced as vaccine rates in the U.S. have dropped sharply. About 80 percent of Americans have had at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose. But only 16 percent of vaccine candidates have received the latest boosters that were approved in August.

这项提议是在美国疫苗接种率急剧下降之际宣布的。大约80%的美国人至少接种过一剂新冠肺炎疫苗。但只有16%的候选疫苗接种了8月份批准的最新加强剂。

In this file photo, a nurse prepares a syringe of a COVID-19 vaccine at an inoculation² station in Jackson, Miss., July 19, 2022. (AP Photo/Rogelio V. Solis, File)

在这张档案照片中，2022年7月19日，一名护士在密西西比州杰克逊市的接种站准备注射新冠肺炎疫苗。（美联社照片/Rogelio V.Solis，文件）

In this file photo, a nurse prepares a syringe of a COVID-19 vaccine at an inoculation station in Jackson, Miss., July 19, 2022. (AP Photo/Rogelio V. Solis, File)

在这张档案照片中，2022年7月19日，一名护士在密西西比州杰克逊市的接种站准备注射新冠肺炎疫苗。（美联社照片/Rogelio V.Solis，文件）

The FDA will ask an outside group of vaccine experts to consider its proposal during a meeting on Thursday.

FDA将在周四的一次会议上要求一个外部疫苗专家小组考虑其建议。

In documents published online, FDA scientists say many Americans now have "preexisting immunity³" against COVID-19. This immunity came either from being vaccinated⁴ or infected, or a combination of the two. The FDA says that level of immunity should provide enough protection for most Americans to move to a yearly booster shot against the latest virus versions.

在网上发布的文件中，FDA科学家表示，许多美国人现在对新冠肺炎“已有免疫力”。这种免疫力要么来自接种疫苗，要么来自感染，要么来自两者的结合。美国食品和药物管理局表示，这种免疫水平应该为大多数美国人提供足够的保护，使他们能够每年接种一次针对最新病毒版本的加强针。

A similar yearly vaccination⁵ system is already in place in the U.S. for influenza⁶, or flu. The highly spreadable viral infection often affects people during the cold season.

类似的每年流感疫苗接种系统已经在美国实施。这种高度可传播的病毒感染通常在寒冷季节影响人们。

The FDA noted⁷ that for adults with weakened immune systems and very small children, a two-dose combination may be needed for protection against COVID-19. Scientists and vaccine companies plan to study vaccination and infection rates and other data to decide who should receive a single or two-dose shot.

美国食品和药物管理局指出，对于免疫系统减弱的成年人和非常小的儿童，可能需要两剂联合用药来预防新冠肺炎。科学家和疫苗公司计划研究疫苗接种和感染率以及其他数据，以决定谁应该接种一剂或两剂疫苗。

The FDA will also ask its experts to vote on whether all vaccines⁸ should target the same virus versions, called strains. That step would be needed to take away the booster shot system.

FDA还将要求其专家投票决定是否所有疫苗都应针对相同的病毒版本，即毒株。需要采取这一步骤来拆除加强针系统。

The first shots launched by Pfizer and Moderna targeted the strain of the virus that began spreading in 2020 and quickly traveled across the world. The latest boosters launched last autumn were changed to target later strains that appeared.

辉瑞（Pfizer）和莫德纳（Moderna）推出的首批疫苗针对的是2020年开始传播并迅速传播到世界各地的病毒株。去年秋天推出的最新助推器被改为针对后来出现的毒株。

The FDA's proposal calls for the agency, independent experts and manufacturers to decide which strains to target by early summer each year. This would leave several months for vaccine makers⁹ to produce and launch new shots before the autumn. That is about the same system long used to administer the yearly flu shot.

FDA的建议要求该机构、独立专家和制造商在每年初夏之前决定针对哪些菌株。这将留给疫苗制造商几个月的时间，以便在秋季之前生产和推出新的疫苗。这与长期用于每年注射流感疫苗的系统大致相同。

FDA officials say moving to a yearly COVID-19 vaccine plan would make it easier to publicize future vaccination campaigns. This could help increase vaccination rates nationwide.

美国食品和药物管理局官员表示，实施年度新冠肺炎疫苗计划将使宣传未来疫苗接种活动更加容易。这可能有助于提高全国的疫苗接种率。

The first two-dose COVID shots have offered strong protection against severe disease and death no matter what strain people were infected with. But the vaccines have proven to be less effective against mild infection cases. Experts continue to debate whether the latest boosters have effectively improved protection, especially for younger and generally healthy Americans.

无论人们感染何种毒株，前两剂新冠疫苗都能有效预防严重疾病和死亡。但事实证明，这些疫苗对轻度感染病例的效果较差。专家们继续争论最新的疫苗是否有效地改善了保护，尤其是对年轻和健康的美国人。

Words in This Story

booster – adj. an extra amount of a substance (called a vaccine) that is injected with a needle into a person or animal to help protect against a particular disease

加强剂--用针注射到人或动物体内以帮助预防特定疾病的额外量的物质（称为疫苗）

dose – n. a measured amount of medicine taken at one time

剂量--一次服用的定量药物

immunity – n. bodily power to resist an infectious disease

免疫力--抵抗传染病的身体力量

1 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

2 inoculation   

n.接芽；预防接种

参考例句：

• Travellers are reminded that inoculation against yellow fever is advisable. 提醒旅游者接种预防黄热病的疫苗是明智的。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Travelers are reminded that inoculation against yellow fever is advisable. 旅客们被提醒，注射黄热病预防针是明智的。 来自辞典例句

3 immunity   

n.优惠；免除；豁免，豁免权

参考例句：

• The law gives public schools immunity from taxation.法律免除公立学校的纳税义务。
• He claims diplomatic immunity to avoid being arrested.他要求外交豁免以便避免被捕。

4 vaccinated   

[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的

参考例句：

• I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

5 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。

6 influenza   

n.流行性感冒，流感

参考例句：

• They took steps to prevent the spread of influenza.他们采取措施
• Influenza is an infectious disease.流感是一种传染病。

7 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

8 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

9 makers   

n.制造者，制造商（maker的复数形式）

参考例句：

• The makers of the product assured us that there had been no sacrifice of quality. 这一产品的制造商向我们保证说他们没有牺牲质量。
• The makers are about to launch out a new product. 制造商们马上要生产一种新产品。 来自《简明英汉词典》