VOA名师答疑2023 refuse和reject的区别

Hello!

大家好!

This week on Ask a Teacher, we will answer a question from Jego about the difference between "refuse" and "reject."

本周《名师答疑》，我们将回答杰戈的问题，即refuse和reject有什么区别。

Dear Learning English, what is the difference between, "refuse" and "reject?"

亲爱的学英语栏目，refuse和reject有什么区别？

Thanks, Jego from Ethiopia.

谢谢，来自埃塞俄比亚的杰戈。

Dear Jego, thank you for your question.

亲爱的杰戈，谢谢你的提问。

Both "refuse" and "reject" are verbs.

refuse和reject都是动词。

They can also be used as nouns.

它们也可以用作名词。

As verbs, they can have a similar meaning, but there are slight differences in how we use them.

作为动词，它们有相似的意思，但用法上略有不同。

We commonly use "refuse" with another infinitive¹ verb to say we are not willing to do something.

我们通常将refuse和另一个动词不定式连用，表示我们不愿意做某事。

For example: I refuse to go outside today because it is too hot.

例如：我今天拒绝外出，因为天气太热了。

She refused to take the crowded subway.

她拒绝乘坐拥挤的地铁。

We can also use the verb "refuse" with a direct object to say we do not accept or want it.

也可以将动词refuse与直接宾语连用，表示我们不接受或不想要这个东西。

I refused another piece of cake.

我拒绝了另一块蛋糕。

He refuses her invitation to dinner.

他拒绝了她的晚餐邀请。

Lastly, "refuse" can also mean not permitting or letting someone do or have something.

最后，refuse也可以指不允许或不让某人做某事或拥有某物。

For example: The supervisor² refused his request for more money.

例如：主管拒绝了他加薪的要求。

As a noun, "refuse" means garbage that is thrown out regularly.

作为名词，refuse指的是定期被丢弃的垃圾。

The stress is on the first syllable³ of the word.

重音在单词的第一个音节上。

So instead of "re-FUSE "(a verb), we say it as "RE-fuse."

不读作"re-FUSE"(动词)，而是"RE-fuse"。

It is not very common to use this word in everyday speech, but here is an example.

在日常讲话中这个词并不常见，但这里有一个例句。

Our neighborhood collects refuse every Monday, including garbage and recycling.

我们社区每周一收集垃圾，包括废品和可回收物。

Now onto "reject."

现在讲reject。

As a verb, "to reject something" means that you completely do not accept something or that you do not agree to it.

作为动词，to reject something(拒绝某事)的意思是你完全不接受或不同意某事。

We use "reject" with a direct object.

reject与直接宾语连用。

For example: Some people reject modern living, like driving cars or using computers.

例如：一些人拒绝现代生活方式，比如开车或使用电脑。

There are specific ways we can use "reject."

reject有一些特定的用法。

Proposals, applications, offers or requests can be "rejected," especially, if minimum requirements were not met.

提案、申请、提供的东西或请求都可以被"拒绝"，特别是在没有满足最低要求的情况下。

My visa application was rejected because I forgot to sign it.

我的签证申请被拒了，因为我忘了签字。

Another use of "reject" is when we talk about the human body.

另一个用法是当我们谈论人体时。

Sometimes the body rejects a new organ or even the food we eat.

有时，身体会排斥新的器官，甚至排斥我们吃的食物。

After her kidney⁴ transplant⁵, Selena Gomez took medication so that her body did not reject the new organ.

移植肾脏后，赛琳娜·戈麦斯服用了药物，这样她的身体就不会对新器官产生排斥反应。

I had a stomach virus last week, and my body rejected anything I tried to eat.

上周我得了病毒性胃病，我的身体排斥任何我吃进去的东西。

As a noun, a reject is something that cannot be used or sold because something might be wrong with it.

作为名词，reject指的是因为有问题而不能使用或出售的东西。

It can also mean something that is not wanted.

也可以表示不想要的东西。

Like the noun of "refuse," the first syllable is stressed.

像名词refuse一样，reject的第一个音节重读。

My sister gives me rejects of old clothes when she no longer wears them.

我姐姐把不穿的旧衣服给了我。

Both "refuse" and "reject" can mean not to accept something, but their uses can be very different.

refuse和reject都可以表示不接受某事，但它们的用法很不同。

Refuse can take a direct object or it can be used with an infinitive verb.

refuse可以带直接宾语，也可以与动词不定式连用。

Reject cannot be used with other verbs.

reject不能与其他动词连用。

It only takes a direct object.

它只能带直接宾语。

Please let us know if these examples and explanations have helped you, Jego.

请让我们知道这些例子和解释是否对你有帮助，杰戈。

And that's Ask a Teacher.

以上就是本期《名师答疑》。

I'm Faith Pirlo.

我是费思·皮尔洛。

1 infinitive   

n.不定词；adj.不定词的

参考例句：

• The use of the split infinitive is now generally acceptable.分裂不定式的用法现在已被广泛接受。
• Modal verbs generally take the bare infinitive.情态动词通常用不带to的不定式。

2 supervisor   

n.监督人，管理人，检查员，督学，主管，导师

参考例句：

• Between you and me I think that new supervisor is a twit.我们私下说，我认为新来的主管人是一个傻瓜。
• He said I was too flighty to be a good supervisor.他说我太轻浮不能成为一名好的管理员。

3 syllable   

n.音节；vt.分音节

参考例句：

• You put too much emphasis on the last syllable.你把最后一个音节读得太重。
• The stress on the last syllable is light.最后一个音节是轻音节。

4 kidney   

n.肾，腰子，类型

参考例句：

• Several of the patients had received kidney transplant.病人中有几位已接受了肾移植手术。
• The operation to transplant a kidney is now fairly routine.肾脏移植手术如今已相当常见。

5 transplant   

n.移植的器官或植物；v.使迁移，使移居

参考例句：

• Some plants do not transplant well.有些植物不宜移植。
• Several of the patients had received kidney transplant.病人中有几位已接受了肾移植手术。