VOA名师答疑 风暴不同的名称

Hello! This week on Ask a Teacher, we will answer a question from VSRC Murthy in India about some stormy weather.

大家好! 本周《名师答疑》，我们回答来自印度的穆尔蒂提出的关于暴风雨天气的问题。

Hello, VOA Learning English, I have a question about the differences and similarities among these words:

您好，美国之音英语学习栏目，我有一个问题，就是下面这些单词有什么异同:

"hurricanes," "typhoons," "tornadoes²," "cyclones⁴," and "thunderstorms."

"飓风""台风""龙卷风""气旋"和"雷暴"。

Thank you, VSRC Murthy from Hyderabad, India.

谢谢，来自印度海得拉巴的穆尔蒂。

Thank you, VSRC Murthy! Your question is timed well.

谢谢你的提问，穆尔蒂！你的问题来得正是时候。

Powerful storms have been in the news recently, from a hurricane that hit the southern United States to a typhoon that blew into the Philippines, Vietnam and Thailand.

最近新闻报道有强劲风暴，从袭击美国南部的飓风到席卷菲律宾、越南和泰国的台风，。

Which word you might use to describe a storm often depends on where you are in the world.

用哪个词来描述风暴，往往取决于你位于世界的什么地方。

Let's start with hurricane.

我们先讲飓风吧。

Merriam-Webster Dictionary says that the word means a tropical cyclone³ with winds of 119 kilometers an hour or greater, and usually including rain, thunder, and lightning.

《韦伯词典》说，这个词的意思是风速每小时119公里或以上的热带气旋，通常带有雨、雷和闪电。

The term is used for such storms in the North Atlantic Ocean down to the Caribbean Sea.

这个术语用于描述大西洋北部至加勒比海的这类风暴。

Typhoons are the same kind of powerful ocean storm, or cyclone, but that term is used for storms in the Northwest Pacific Ocean.

台风是和飓风相同的强劲海洋风暴或者说气旋，但这个术语用于指太平洋西北部的风暴。

In the South Pacific and Indian Ocean, these storms are more commonly called tropical cyclones.

在南太平洋和印度洋，这些风暴通常被称为热带气旋。

All of these storms are considered cyclones because they rotate or move in a circular motion across tropical or subtropical warm waters.

所有这些风暴都被视为气旋，因为它们在热带或亚热带温暖水域旋转或者说作圆周运动。

You may have heard names like "tropical depression" or "tropical storm" in news coverage⁵ of hurricanes and the like.

你可能在有关飓风之类的新闻报道中听说过"热带低气压"或"热带风暴"的名称。

These kinds of storms can lead to a hurricane or typhoon depending on the speed of the winds.

根据风速的不同，这类风暴可能会导致飓风或台风。

A storm with winds below 62.7 kilometers per hour is a "tropical depression."

风速低于每小时62.7公里的风暴称为"热带低气压"。

If the winds are from 62.7 to 118 kilometers per hour, the storm is called a "tropical storm."

如果风速在每小时62.7到118公里之间，就被称为"热带风暴"。

And lastly, anything over 119 kilometers per hour is consider a hurricane, typhoon, or cyclone.

最后，任何超过每小时119公里的风暴都被认为是飓风、台风或气旋。

Hurricanes and typhoons include thunderstorms and storm surges from ocean water that can lead to coastal⁶ flooding.

飓风和台风带来雷暴和海水上升的风暴潮，可能导致沿海地区洪水泛滥。

Thunderstorms are heavy rainstorms in which you can hear thunder.

雷暴是可以听到雷声的暴雨。

During thunderstorms, winds are strong and there is always lightning.

在雷暴期间，风力强劲，总是伴随闪电。

You can find thunderstorms in different parts of the world, not just in the tropics.

在世界各地都可以看到雷暴，不是只有热带才有。

When thunderstorms become severe with intense winds, tornadoes can form.

当雷暴变得猛烈并伴有强风时，就会形成龙卷风。

Tornadoes are narrow storms that start in a thunderstorm and touch the ground.

龙卷风是一种小范围的风暴，从雷暴中形成并与地面接触。

They are very violent and destructive.

龙卷风非常暴力，且具有破坏性。

Here are a few examples of how we can use these words in sentences:

以下是使用这些词的几个例句：

Hurricane season in the Atlantic Ocean is from June through the end of November.

大西洋的飓风季节从6月持续到11月底。

Typhoon Noru quickly strengthened into a super typhoon last week with winds up to 175 kilometers per hour.

台风奥鹿上周迅速增强为超强台风，风速高达每小时175公里。

Often in the summer, thunderstorms form in the afternoons bringing heavy rain and lightning.

通常在夏天，雷暴会在下午形成，带来大雨和闪电。

Tornado¹ Alley⁷ is an area in the central United States where tornadoes happen often.

龙卷风走廊是美国中部龙卷风频繁发生的地区。

Please let us know if these examples and explanations have helped you, VSRC Murthy!

请让我们知道这些例子和解释是否对你有帮助，穆尔蒂！

And that's Ask a Teacher. I'm Faith Pirlo.

以上就是《名师答疑》。我是费思·皮尔洛。

1 tornado   

n.飓风，龙卷风

参考例句：

• A tornado whirled into the town last week.龙卷风上周袭击了这座城市。
• The approaching tornado struck awe in our hearts.正在逼近的龙卷风使我们惊恐万分。

2 tornadoes   

n.龙卷风，旋风( tornado的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Tornadoes, severe earthquakes, and plagues create wide spread havoc. 龙卷风、大地震和瘟疫成普遍的毁坏。 来自互联网
• Meteorologists are at odds over the working of tornadoes. 气象学者对龙卷风的运动方式看法不一。 来自互联网

3 cyclone   

n.旋风，龙卷风

参考例句：

• An exceptionally violent cyclone hit the town last night.昨晚异常猛烈的旋风吹袭了那个小镇。
• The cyclone brought misery to thousands of people.旋风给成千上万的人带来苦难。

4 cyclones   

n.气旋( cyclone的名词复数 )；旋风；飓风；暴风

参考例句：

• The pricipal objective in designing cyclones is to create a vortex. 设计旋风除尘器的主要目的在于造成涡旋运动。 来自辞典例句
• Middle-latitude cyclones originate at the popar front. 中纬度地区的气旋发源于极锋。 来自辞典例句

5 coverage   

n.报导，保险范围，保险额，范围，覆盖

参考例句：

• There's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。
• This is an insurance policy with extensive coverage.这是一项承保范围广泛的保险。

6 coastal   

adj.海岸的，沿海的，沿岸的

参考例句：

• The ocean waves are slowly eating away the coastal rocks.大海的波浪慢慢地侵蚀着岸边的岩石。
• This country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。

7 alley   

n.小巷，胡同；小径，小路

参考例句：

• We live in the same alley.我们住在同一条小巷里。
• The blind alley ended in a brick wall.这条死胡同的尽头是砖墙。