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VOA名师答疑2023 阅读技巧: 过渡和定义

时间:2023-05-17 06:46来源:互联网 提供网友:nan   字体: [ ]
    (单词翻译:双击或拖选)

Hello!

大家好!

This week on Ask a Teacher, we will answer a question about reading skills like finding definitions and transitions1.

本周《名师答疑》,我们回答关于阅读技巧的问题,比如找到定义和过渡。

Greetings from Ecuador. Could you please provide me any information and guidance to improve my reading skills and share them with my English students?

来自厄瓜多尔的问候。你能给我一些信息和指导来提高我的阅读能力,并与我的英语课学生分享吗?

Thank you in advance for your help and support, Angel.

提前感谢你的帮助和支持,安吉尔。

Thanks for writing to us, Angel.

谢谢你的来信,安吉尔。

When we read, we are reading someone’s piece of writing.

当我们阅读时,我们就是在读某人写的东西。

So, we can bring writing skills to the activity of reading.

因此,我们可以把写作技巧迁移到阅读中。

Finding transitions and definitions can help us with our reading.

找到过渡和定义可以帮助我们阅读。

Transitions are words and phrases that connect ideas.

过渡是连接不同思想的单词和短语。

Transitions help with organizing thoughts in writing.

有助于在写作中组织想法。

They help develop ideas smoothly2.

能帮我们流畅地阐述思想。

Identifying transitions while reading can help us better understand what we are reading.

在阅读时找出过渡部分可以帮助我们更好地理解所阅读的内容。

Transitions can be found within paragraphs, between paragraphs, and between longer divisions of text.

在段落内、段落之间,以及较长的文本部分之间都有过渡。

There are several kinds of transitions.

过渡有几种类型。

Time-order transitions are words like “first,” “next,” “second,” “finally,” and “lastly.”

时序过渡就是像“第一”“接下来”“第二”“最终”“最后”这样的词。

They establish the order of events or ideas.

这些词确立了事件或思想的顺序。

There are also transitions that show a relationship between ideas.

也有一些过渡显示思想之间的关系。

For example, we can show contrast between ideas by using “however” or “nonetheless.”

例如,我们可以用“然而”或“尽管如此”来表示不同思想之间的对比。

We can show results by using the phrases “as a result” or “consequently.”

可以用短语“结果是”或“因此”来显示结果。

Here is an example paragraph from a recent story called, “Five Ways That the Ukraine War Has Changed the World.”

下面是最近一篇报道中的一段话,这篇报道的标题为《乌克兰战争改变世界的五种方式》。

What transitions are used?

这段话中使用了什么过渡?

“Before the war, much of the grain and vegetable oil sent to the Middle East and Africa came from Ukraine and Russia….

“战前,运往中东和非洲的粮食和植物油大多来自乌克兰和俄罗斯…...

Now, countries are thinking about ways to provide their own food and energy.”

现在,各国都在考虑如何自己提供所需的食物和能源。”

Two time-order transitions, “before” and “now,” are used to show the time relationship between events that happened.

“之前”和“现在”这两个时序过渡词用来表示发生的事件之间的时间关系。

Spotting the transitions and knowing what they mean can be helpful when reading.

发现过渡部分并理解它们的含义在阅读时会很有帮助。

We can also find definitions within the text to help us better understand unfamiliar3 words.

我们还可以在文本内找到定义,帮助我们更好地理解不熟悉的单词。

There are a few ways to do this.

有几种方法可以做到这一点。

We can find verb phrases like “is/are,” “is defined4 as,” “is called,” “means,” or “is a type of.”

可以找到动词短语,如“是”“被定义为”“称为”“意思是”或“是一种”。

Noticing these phrases within the story can help us learn new vocabulary.

注意文章中的这些短语可以帮助我们学习新的词汇。

Here is an example from the article, “Study: Better Instruments Needed to Discover Life on Mars5.”

以下是从“研究表明,发现火星生命需要更好的工具”中摘取的一个例子。

“Such testing is carried out in areas where bodies of water once existed.

“这种测试是在曾经存在水体的地区进行的。

This is because those areas, called deltas7, contain higher levels of ancient microbes to study.

这是因为这些被称为三角洲的区域含有更多可以研究的古代微生物。

The Red Stone area was a river delta6 about 100 million years ago.”

红石地区在大约1亿年前是一个河流三角洲。”

We can see from this example, that “called” is used.

从这个例子中可以看到,使用了“称为”这个词。

The term “delta” is in an earlier paragraph, too.

“三角洲”一词也出现在前面一段中。

A delta is a kind of body of water, a place where a river meets the sea.

三角洲是一种水体,是河流与海洋交汇的地方。

We even have an example with The Red Stone area as a river delta.

还有红石地区作为河流三角洲的例子。

Another way to show definitions is through punctuation8 like dashes or commas.

另一种显示定义的方法是使用标点符号,如破折号或逗号。

Here is an example from our American Presidents stories: “George Washington: Reluctant.”

下面是关于美国总统故事中的一个例子,故事的标题为“乔治·华盛顿:不情不愿”。

This example uses two ways of showing a new word.

下面的例子用了两种方式来表示一个新词。

“He established a group of advisors9 -- called the cabinet -- as well as the nation’s official money.”

“他建立了一个顾问小组--称为内阁--以及国家的官方资金。”

Here, we see that the writer uses dashes and “called” to give an informal definition of the group of advisors.

在这里,我们可以看到作者使用破折号和“称为”给顾问小组下了一个非正式定义。

And, we can find definitions by reading further into the text.

而且,我们可以通过进一步阅读文本来找到定义。

Here is an example from another recent story called, “‘Imperfect’ Models in Italy Redefine Beauty.”

下面是最近一篇名为“意大利的‘不完美’模特重新定义美”的报道中的一个例子。

“Sonia Spartá is one of the models.

“索尼娅·斯帕塔是其中一名模特。

The 28-year-old from Sicily has a condition called hyperpigmentation or unusual skin coloring.

这位来自西西里岛的28岁模特患有一种名为色素沉着过度的疾病,也就是肤色异常。

It results in dark spots on her face and body.”

这导致她的脸和身体上有黑点。”

The word that is defined is “hyperpigmentation.”

被定义的词是“色素沉着过度”。

The definition is found right after the conjunction “or,” which shows the definition.

这个词的定义就在连词or(或者说)之后,or表明定义是什么。

But if you read further into the next sentence, you can find out more about Sonia’s condition.

但如果你继续阅读下一句话,你会发现更多关于索尼娅的情况。

The writer uses the verb “results” to show the relationship between the condition of hyperpigmentation and its results.

作者用动词“导致”来表示色素沉着过度与其结果之间的关系。

Please let us know if these explanations and examples have helped you, Angel!

请让我们知道这些解释和例子是否对你有帮助,安吉尔!

And that’s Ask a Teacher.

以上就是本期《名师答疑》。

I’m Faith Pirlo.

我是费思·皮尔洛。


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 transitions 34fe3c1def90f54754c23fb8df6dbeb0     
过渡,转变,变迁( transition的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Before explaining a workflow, I'll explain a few simple pieces of terminology: states and transitions. 在解释什么是工作流之前,我先来解释几条简单的术语:状态(states)和过渡(transitions)。
  • Both ionization and excitation lead to eletronic transitions that may be the emission of light. 电离和激发都将导致可能伴随有光发射的电子跃迁。
2 smoothly iiUzLG     
adv.平滑地,顺利地,流利地,流畅地
参考例句:
  • The workmen are very cooperative,so the work goes on smoothly.工人们十分合作,所以工作进展顺利。
  • Just change one or two words and the sentence will read smoothly.这句话只要动一两个字就顺了。
3 unfamiliar uk6w4     
adj.陌生的,不熟悉的
参考例句:
  • I am unfamiliar with the place and the people here.我在这儿人地生疏。
  • The man seemed unfamiliar to me.这人很面生。
4 defined GuQzxW     
adj 定义的; 清晰的
参考例句:
  • These categories are not well defined. 这些类别划分得不太明确。
  • The powers of a judge are defined by law. 法官的权限是由法律规定的。
5 Mars 4oSz63     
n.火星,战争
参考例句:
  • As of now we don't know much about Mars.目前我们对火星还知之甚少。
  • He contended that there must be life on Mars.他坚信火星上面一定有生物。
6 delta gxvxZ     
n.(流的)角洲
参考例句:
  • He has been to the delta of the Nile.他曾去过尼罗河三角洲。
  • The Nile divides at its mouth and forms a delta.尼罗河在河口分岔,形成了一个三角洲。
7 deltas 43c57dfa20ce8f0825105bdcb3548822     
希腊字母表中第四个字母( delta的名词复数 ); (河口的)三角洲
参考例句:
  • Tidal channels, deltas, and washover fans are characteristically associated with offshore bars. 潮汐水道、三角洲和冲刷扇典型地与滨外砂洲伴生在一起。
  • I know many of the early civilizations prospered on deltas. 我知道很多古老的文明都是在三角洲上蓬勃发展起来的。
8 punctuation 3Sbxk     
n.标点符号,标点法
参考例句:
  • My son's punctuation is terrible.我儿子的标点符号很糟糕。
  • A piece of writing without any punctuation is difficult to understand.一篇没有任何标点符号的文章是很难懂的。
9 advisors 9c02a9c1778f1533c47ade215559070d     
n.顾问,劝告者( advisor的名词复数 );(指导大学新生学科问题等的)指导教授
参考例句:
  • The governors felt that they were being strung along by their advisors. 地方长官感到他们一直在受顾问们的愚弄。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • We will consult together with advisors about her education. 我们将一起和专家商议她的教育事宜。 来自互联网
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TAG标签:   VOA英语  慢速英语  名师答疑
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