VOA日常语法2023--Discussing Alien Life

Discussing Alien Life

Over the last several months, there have been many news reports about possible alien life and strange objects in the skies, sometimes called UFOs. The stories have led to public discussion in the United States. Today, we have some English terms and structures to share that can help learners take part in the discussion, too.

Do + believe

Let's start with the basic yes/no question of, "Do you believe in aliens?"

The verb "believe" is common to hear when talking about non-Earth life in the universe. To "believe" something means to accept something as true. Simple answers to this question are:

Yes, I believe in aliens.

No, I do not believe in them.

If you want to emphasize that you believe in aliens, you can use "do" before the main verb of "believe" in the positive form. This gives extra emphasis to the main verb. The stress would be on the verb "do" when you speak.

I do believe in aliens.

I do believe that we are not alone in the universe.

Adverbs of possibility

Another way we can express our opinion about aliens is through adverbs of possibility. Possibility is the likelihood¹ of something happening.

There are adverbs to show a stronger chance of something happening, like the adverbs "definitely" or "certainly." And there are adverbs to show a weaker chance or probability² of something occurring like "maybe," "probably" or "perhaps."

Let's look at short dialogue using these adverbs of possibility.

Carlos: Do you believe in aliens, Joy?

Joy: I certainly believe in aliens. I think they are definitely among us.

Carlos: So, you believe the sightings of UFOs are true?

Joy: Clearly! The UFOs are probably held in Area 51!

Carlos: Maybe, they are not enemies. Perhaps, they want to be friendly.

Joy uses three strong adverbs to express her opinion and show the chance of something happening.

The adverbs "certainly" and "clearly" are used to add emphasis and confidence to Joy's opinions about aliens. She uses the strong adverb "definitely" to show that she thinks there is a strong possibility that aliens might already live among humans.

Joy also uses a weaker adverb of "probably" to express that she thinks that UFOs might be held in Area 51.

Notice the placement of the adverbs. Typically, we place adverbs before the main verb in the sentence.

I certainly believe in aliens

But some adverbs like "maybe" and "perhaps" can be used in the beginning of sentences.

Carlos said, "Maybe, they are not enemies. Perhaps, they want to be friendly."

Next, we have the placement of adverbs with auxiliary³ verbs like "be" or "have." Adverbs always come after the auxiliary verb, but before the base verb, like in these examples:

I think they are definitely among us.

The UFOs are probably held in Area 51.

And lastly, adverbs can be used as interjections or at the beginning of sentences. Interjections are short statements that show more of a feeling and are grammatically⁴ independent from other sentences. They usually have an exclamation⁵ mark (!) as punctuation⁶.

Joy uses the adverb "clearly" as an interjection to answer Carlos' question about UFO sightings.

Carlos then answers Joy using the adverbs "maybe" and "perhaps" to express his opinion about the chance that aliens are friendly. He uses the weaker adverbs here. "Maybe" and "perhaps" often come in the beginning of the sentence.

Final thoughts

Today we looked at how we can express our opinion of alien life. The verb "believe" is often used to express if we accept aliens as true. We can use the verb "do" in front of the main verb in the positive to give extra emphasis to our belief.

And we looked at the use of adverbs of possibility. We can use stronger adverbs such as "definitely" or "clearly" to say that there is a greater chance of something and to add emphasis to our opinions. Weaker adverbs such as "maybe" and "perhaps" can express that the likelihood of something is less. And finally, we looked at the placement of those adverbs within sentences.

Now it is your turn. Share your opinions of aliens using the expressions and grammar above. Do you believe in life outside of Earth? Are there aliens among us? Let us know in an email to [email protected].

Words in This Story

alien – n. a being that comes from somewhere other than the planet Earth; an extraterrestrial

fiction – n. a story that describes imaginary events and people

emphasize – v. to place importance or call attention to

Area 51 – n. a once-secret military area in the state of Nevada where people think the United States government held beings from other planets

confidence – n. a feeling that you can do something correctly

punctuation – n. markings that make it clear how to separate sentences and parts of sentences, so reading is easier

1 likelihood   

n.可能，可能性

参考例句：

• We must try our best to reduce the likelihood of war.我们必须尽最大努力减少战争的可能性。
• I don't think there is any likelihood of his agreeing to it.我认为不会有他同意那件事情的可能。

2 probability   

n.可能性，可能发生的事，概率

参考例句：

• The probability that it will rain today is high.今天下雨的可能性很大。
• He must calculate the probability of failure.他必须计算一下失败的概率。

3 auxiliary   

adj.辅助的，备用的

参考例句：

• I work in an auxiliary unit.我在一家附属单位工作。
• The hospital has an auxiliary power system in case of blackout.这家医院装有备用发电系统以防灯火管制。

4 grammatically   

adv.符合语法规则地

参考例句：

• This essay is grammatically smooth and readable. 这篇作文写得还顺。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Grammatically, the Sanskrit paradigm exemplifies the concept of radical. 从语法的观点看，梵语的变格范例明确了词根的概念。 来自辞典例句

5 exclamation   

n.感叹号，惊呼，惊叹词

参考例句：

• He could not restrain an exclamation of approval.他禁不住喝一声采。
• The author used three exclamation marks at the end of the last sentence to wake up the readers.作者在文章的最后一句连用了三个惊叹号，以引起读者的注意。

6 punctuation   

n.标点符号，标点法

参考例句：

• My son's punctuation is terrible.我儿子的标点符号很糟糕。
• A piece of writing without any punctuation is difficult to understand.一篇没有任何标点符号的文章是很难懂的。