一战中美国与德国对阵

63 一战中美国与德国对阵

THE MAKING OF A NATION - September 20, 2001: Woodrow Wilson, Part 5By Frank¹ Beardsley

VOICE ONE:
     The making of a nation -- a program in special English by the voice of America.
(theme)
     I'm Tony Riggs. Today, Larry west and I continue the story of American president Woodrow Wilson.
Voice two:
     In nineteen-seventeen, Europe was at war. It was the (1)conflict known as world war one. After three years of fighting, Europe's lands were filled with the sights and sounds of death. But still, the armies of the (2)allies² and the central powers continued to fight.
     The United States had tried to keep out of the European conflict. It (3)declared its (4)neutrality⁴. In the end, however, neutrality was impossible.
    Germany was facing (5)starvation because of a British naval⁵ (6)blockade. To break the blockade, German (7)submarines⁷ attacked any ship that sailed to Europe. That included ships from neutral³ nations like the United States. The German submarines sank several American ships. Many (8)innocent people were killed.
Voice one:
    German submarine⁶ attacks finally forced the United States into the war. It joined the allies: Britain, France, and Russia.
    Like most Americans, president Wilson did not want war. But he had no choice. Sadly, he asked congress⁹ for a declaration¹⁰ of war. (9)Congress (10)approved the declaration on April sixth, nineteen-seventeen.
    It was not long before American soldiers reached the European continent. They (11)marched in a (12)parade through the streets of Paris. The people of France gave them a wild welcome. They cheered the young Americans. They threw flowers at the (13)soldiers and kissed them.
Voice two:
    The Americans marched to the (14)burial place of the (15)marquis de (16)Lafayette. Lafayette was the French military leader who had come to America's aid during its war of (17)independence from Britain. The United States wanted to re-pay France for its help more than a hundred years earlier.
    An American army officer made a (18)speech at the (19)tomb. He said: "Lafayette...we are here!"
Voice one:
    And so the Americans were there. They were ready to fight in the bloodiest¹¹ war the world had ever known. Week by week, more American (20)troops arrived. By October, nineteen-seventeen, the American army in Europe totaled one-hundred-thousand men. The leader of that army was general John J. Pershing.
    Pershing's forces were not sent directly into battle. Instead, they spent time training, building bases, and preparing supplies. Then a small group was sent to the border between Switzerland and Germany. The Americans fought a short but (21)bitter battle there against German forces.
    The Germans knew the American soldiers had not fought before. They tried to frighten the Americans by waving their knives and guns in a (22)fierce attack. The Americans surprised the Germans. They stood and fought back successfully.
Voice two:
    Full American (23)participation in the fighting did not come for several months. It came only after another event took place. That event changed the war ... And the history of the twentieth century. It was the (24)Bolshevik (25)revolution in Russia. Its leader was Vladimir Lenin.
    The Russian revolution began in the spring of nineteen-seventeen. The people of that country were tired of fighting Germany. And they were tired of their ruler, Czar Nicholas. The czar was overthrown¹². A (26)temporary government was established. It was headed by Alexander Kerenski.
    President Woodrow Wilson sent a team of American officials to Russia to help Kerenski's new government. The officials (27)urged Russia to remain in the war.
Voice one:
    Under Kerenski, Russia did keep fighting. But it continued to suffer terrible losses. Many Russians demanded an end to the war.
    Lenin saw this opposition¹³ as a way to gain control of the government. So he went to the city of Petrograd. There, he led the (28)opposition to the war and to Kerenski. Night after night, he spoke¹⁴ to big crowds. "What do you get from war?" he shouted. "Only wounds, hunger, and death!"
    Lenin promised peace under Bolshevik (29)communism. Within a few months, he won control of the Petrograd soviet¹⁵. That was an organization of workers and soldiers. Another Bolshevik communist, Leon Trotsky, controlled the soviet in Moscow.
Voice two:
    Kerenski's government continued to do badly in the war. More and more Russian soldiers lost hope. Many fled the army. Others stayed. But they refused to fight.
    The end came in November, nineteen-seventeen. Soldiers in Petrograd turned against Kerenski. Lenin ordered them to rebel¹⁶. And he took control of the government within forty-eight hours. Russia was now a communist nation.
    As promised, Lenin called for peace. So Russia signed its own peace treaty¹⁷ with Germany. The treaty forced Russia to pay a high price for its part in the war. It had to give up a third of its farmland, half of its industry, and ninety percent of its (30)coal mines. It also lost a third of its population. Still, it did not have real peace with Germany.
Voice one:
     The treaty between Russia and Germany had a powerful influence on the military situation in the rest of Europe. Now, Germany no longer had to fight an enemy on two (31)fronts. Its eastern border was quiet suddenly. It could aim all its forces against Britain, France, and the other allies on its western (32)border.
    Germany had (33)suffered terrible losses during four years of war. Many of its soldiers had been killed. And many of its (34)civilians had come close to starving, because of the British naval blockade. Yet germany's leaders still hoped to win. They decided¹⁸ to (35)launch a major attack. They knew they had to act quickly, before the United States could send more troops to help the allies.
Voice two:
    German military leaders (36)decided to break through the long battle line that divided most of central Europe. They planned to strike first at the north end of the line. British troops held that area. The Germans would push the British off the (37)continent and back across the English (38)Channel. Then they would turn all their strength on France. When France was defeated, Germany would be (39)victorious.
    The campaign opened in March, nineteen-eighteen. German forces attacked British soldiers near Amiens, France. The Germans had six-thousand pieces of (40)artillery. The British troops fought hard, but could not stop the germans. They were pushed back fifty kilometers. The attack stopped for about a week.
Voice one:
    Then the Germans struck again. This time, their target was Ypres, Belgium.
    The second attack was so successful it seemed the Germans might push the British all the way back to the sea. The British commander, field marshal¹⁹ Douglas Haig, ordered his men not to withdraw²⁰. Haig said: "there is no other course open to us, but to fight it out."
    The British fought hard and stopped the attack. Losses on both sides were extremely high. Yet the Germans continued with their plan.
Voice two:
    Their next attack was northeast of Paris in May. This time, they broke the allied²¹ line easily and rushed toward²² Paris. The German army chief, general Erich Ludendorff, tried to capture²³ the French capital without waiting to strengthen his forces. He got close enough to shell the city.
    The French government prepared to flee.
    Allied military leaders rushed more troops to the area. The new force included two big groups of American marines.
Voice one:
    The heaviest fighting was outside Paris at a place called Belleau wood. The American marines were advised to prepare for a possible withdrawal²⁴. One marine⁸ said: "withdraw? We just got here!"
    The marines resisted as the Germans attacked allied lines in Belleau wood again and again. Then they attacked the German lines. The battle for Belleau wood lasted three weeks. It was the most serious German offensive²⁵ of the war. The Germans lost.
    We will continue our story of world war one next week.
(theme)
Voice two:
    You have been listening to the making of a nation -- a program in special English by the voice of America. Your narrators were Tony Riggs and Larry west. Our program was written by frank Beardsley.

 

(1)  conflict[ 5kCnflikt ]n.斗争, 冲突vi.抵触, 冲突
(2)  allies[`AlaIz]n.联盟国, 同盟者
(3) declare[ di5klZE ]vt.断言, 宣称, 宣布, 宣告, 声明, (向海关)中报进口应纳税之货物
(4) neutrality[ nju:5trAliti ]n.中立, 中性
(5) starvation[ stB:5veiFEn ]n.饥饿, 饿死
(6) blockade[ blC5keid ]n.阻塞vt.封锁
(7) submarine[ 5sQbmEri:n, sQbmE5ri:n ]n.潜水艇, 潜艇adj.水下的, 海底的
(8) innocent[ 5inEsnt ]adj.(～ of) 清白的, 无罪的, 天真的, 无知的
(9) congress[ 5kCN^res ]n.(代表)大会, [C～] (美国等国的)国会, 议会
(10) approve[ E5pru:v ]vi.赞成, 满意vt.批准, 通过v.批准
(11) march[ mB:tF ]n.行军, 步伐, 进行曲vi.进军, 前进vt.使行军, 使行进n.(March)三月(略 作Mar)
(12) parade[ pE5reid ]n.游行, 炫耀, 阅兵, 检阅, 阅兵场v.游行, 炫耀, 夸耀, (使)列队行进
(13) soldier[ 5sEuldVE ]n.士兵, 军人
(14) burial[ 5beriEl ]n.埋葬
(15) marquis[ 5mB:kwis ]n.(英国等的)侯爵
(16) lafayette[ 7lB:fei5et ]三刺光鲳
(17) independence[ 7indi5pendEns ]n.独立, 自主
(18) speech[ spi:tF ]n.演说, 讲话语音
(19) tomb[ tu:m ]n.坟墓v.埋葬
(20) troop[ tru:p ]n.群, 组, 多数, 军队vi.群集, 结队, 成群而行vt.把(骑兵)编成骑兵连
(21) bitter[ 5bitE ]adj.苦的, 痛苦的, 怀恨的
(22) fierce[ fiEs ]adj.凶猛的, 猛烈的, 热烈的, 暴躁的<美>极讨厌的, 难受的, <英方>精力 旺盛的
(23) participation[ pB:7tisi5peiFEn ]n.分享, 参与
(24) Bolshevik[ 5bClFivik ]n.布尔什维克
(25) revolution[ 7revE5lu:FEn ]n.革命, 旋转
(26) temporary[ 5tempErEri ]adj.暂时的, 临时的, 临时性
(27) urge[ E:dV ]vt.催促, 力劝n.强烈欲望, 迫切要求v.促进
(28) opposition[ CpE5ziFEn ]n.反对, 敌对, 相反, 反对派, [天]冲, [逻]对当法
(29) communism[ 5kCmjunizEm ]n.共产主义
(30) coal[ kEul ]n.煤v.加煤 
(31) front[ frQnt ]n.前面, 开头, 前线, (政治上的)阵线, 态度, 外表vt.面对, 朝向, 对付vi.朝 向
(32) border[ 5bC:dE ]n.边界, 国界, 边, 边沿, 边境vt.与...接壤, 接近v.接壤
(33) suffer[ 5sQfE ]vt.遭受, 经历, 忍受vi.受痛苦, 受损害
(34) civilian[ si5viljEn ]n.平民, 公务员, 文官adj.民间的, 民用的
(35) launch[ lC:ntF, lB:ntF ]n.下水, 汽艇, 发射, 发行, 投放市场vt.使(船)下水, 掷(标枪等),  发射(导弹、火箭等), 开办, 发动, 发起vi.起飞, 下水, 投入, 开始
(36) decide[ di5said ]v.决定, 判决
(37) continent[ 5kCntinEnt ]n.大陆, 陆地
(38) channel[ 5tFAnl ]n.海峡, 水道, 沟, 路线vt.引导, 开导, 形成河道信道,频道
(39) victorious[ vik5tC:riEs ]adj.获胜的, 胜利的
(40) artillery[ B:5tilEri ]n.炮的总称, 炮兵的总称

 

1 frank   

adj.坦白的，直率的，真诚的

参考例句：

• A frank discussion can help to clear the air.坦率的谈论有助于消除隔阂。
• She is frank and outgoing.她很爽朗。

2 allies   

联盟国，同盟者； 同盟国，同盟者( ally的名词复数 )； 支持者； 盟军

参考例句：

• The allies would fear that they were pawns in a superpower condominium. 这个联盟担心他们会成为超级大国共管的牺牲品。
• A number of the United States' allies had urged him not to take a hasty decision. 美国的一些盟友已力劝他不要急于作决定。

3 neutral   

adj.中立的，不偏不倚的；中性的

参考例句：

• Behaviour is never culturally neutral.人的行为从来都受文化的影响。
• They have maintained a consistently neutral stance.他们一直持中立态度。

4 neutrality   

n.中立

参考例句：

• Neutralism differs from neutrality in that it is an attitude of mind in time of peace rather than a legal status in time of war. Neutralism与neutrality的不同之处在于前者表示和平环境时的态度，而不是战争中有法律作用状态或地位。
• Switzerland declared its neutrality. 瑞士宣布中立。

5 naval   

adj.海军的，军舰的，船的

参考例句：

• He took part in a great naval battle.他参加了一次大海战。
• The harbour is an important naval base.该港是一个重要的海军基地。

6 submarine   

n.潜水艇；adj.水底的，海底的；vt.用潜艇袭击；vi.滑入...底下

参考例句：

• Within a short time,everything on the submarine was buttoned up.不一会儿，潜水艇内所有的东西都扣紧了。
• The submarine signaled for help.潜水艇发出求救的信号。

7 submarines   

潜艇( submarine的名词复数 )； submarine sandwich潜艇三明治，长卷三明治（用长卷面包纵向切开，内夹各种食物）

参考例句：

• We picked up two submarines on sonar. 我们用声呐系统观察到两条潜水艇。
• They bottled up the submarines in their nest. 他们把潜艇困在巢穴里，使其无法出击。

8 marine   

adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵

参考例句：

• Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
• When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时，他自愿参加了海军陆战队。

9 Congress   

n.(代表)大会；(C-:美国等国的)国会，议会

参考例句：

• There were some days to wait before the Congress.大会的召开还有几天时间。
• After 18 years in Congress,he intented to return to private life.在国会供职18年后，他打算告老还乡。

10 declaration   

n.宣布，宣告，宣言，声明（书），申报

参考例句：

• We read the declaration posted on the bulletin board.我们读了贴在布告板上的声明。
• At the recent convention a declaration was adopted.在最近举行的大会上通过了一项宣言。

11 bloodiest   

adj.血污的( bloody的最高级 )；流血的；屠杀的；残忍的

参考例句：

• The Russians were going to suffer their bloodiest defeat of all before Berlin. 俄国人在柏林城下要遭到他们的最惨重的失败。 来自辞典例句
• It was perhaps the bloodiest hour in the history of warfare. 这也许是战争史上血腥味最浓的1个小时。 来自互联网

12 overthrown   

adj. 打翻的，推倒的，倾覆的 动词overthrow的过去分词

参考例句：

• The president was overthrown in a military coup. 总统在军事政变中被赶下台。
• He has overthrown the basic standards of morality. 他已摒弃了基本的道德标准。

13 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

14 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

15 Soviet   

adj.苏联的，苏维埃的；n.苏维埃

参考例句：

• Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
• Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。

16 rebel   

n.叛徒，起义者；vi.造反，反抗，反感；adj.造反的，反抗的，反叛者的

参考例句：

• The rebel army is attempting to subvert the government.反叛军队企图颠覆政府统治。
• The rebel army has readjusted its strategy.叛军已经重新调整了策略。

17 treaty   

n.条约；协议，协定

参考例句：

• Hungary has indicated its readiness to sign the treaty.匈牙利已表示愿意签订该条约。
• I believe this treaty will pave the way to peace in Europe. 我相信这个条约将为欧洲的和平铺平道路。

18 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

19 marshal   

n.元帅，总指挥，（美）执法官；vt.整理，集结

参考例句：

• The oldest general was appointed marshal of the armies.资格最老的将军被任命为军队的元帅。
• Marshal your arguments before debating.辩论前整理一下你的论点。

20 withdraw   

vt.收回，撤消，撤退；vi.缩回，退出，撤退

参考例句：

• I want to withdraw a statement I made earlier.我想收回我早些时候发表的一项声明。
• The general decided to withdraw his soldiers.那位将军决定撤军。

21 allied   

adj.协约国的；同盟国的

参考例句：

• Britain was allied with the United States many times in history.历史上英国曾多次与美国结盟。
• Allied forces sustained heavy losses in the first few weeks of the campaign.同盟国在最初几周内遭受了巨大的损失。

22 toward   

prep.对于，关于，接近，将近，向，朝

参考例句：

• Suddenly I saw a tall figure approaching toward the policeman.突然间我看到一个高大的身影朝警察靠近。
• Upon seeing her,I smiled and ran toward her. 看到她我笑了，并跑了过去。

23 capture   

vt.捕获，俘获；占领，夺得；n.抓住，捕获

参考例句：

• The company is out to capture the European market.这家公司希望占据欧洲市场。
• With the capture of the escaped tiger,everyone felt relieved.逃出来的老虎被捕获后，大家都松了一口气。

24 withdrawal   

n.取回，提款；撤退，撤军；收回，撤销

参考例句：

• The police were forced to make a tactical withdrawal.警方被迫进行战术撤退。
• They insisted upon a withdrawal of the statement and a public apology.他们坚持要收回那些话并公开道歉。

25 offensive   

adj.令人不快的，侮辱的，攻击用的；n.进攻

参考例句：

• His mode of doing business is offensive to me.他干事情的方式叫我很不喜欢。
• If all else fails,I will take the offensive.如果其他方法不行，我将采取攻势。