UN Polio Campaign

45 国际小儿麻痹预防运动

DATE=5-7-01
TITLE=DEVELOPMENT REPORT - UN Polio Campaign
BYLINE=Jill Moss¹

(Start at 1'01")This is the VOA Special English Development Report.
Since Nineteen-Eighty-Eight, the number of new （1）polio infections around the world has dropped by ninety-nine percent.  A United Nations program called the Global Polio （2）Eradication² Initiative is responsible for this drop in world polio cases.  
The program was launched thirteen years ago.  At that time, there were more than three- hundred- fifty- thousand cases of polio around the world. By the end of last year, officials' say fewer than three- thousand- five- hundred cases were recorded.  Polio is now found in only about twenty countries, （3）mainly in South Asia and parts of Africa.
Polio is an infectious disease caused by a （4） virus.  It can affect people at any age. But polio usually affects children under age three.  The virus enters through the mouth and then grows inside the throat and intestines³.  Signs of polio include a high （5）temperature, stomach sickness, and pain in the head and neck.  
Once the poliovirus becomes established in the intestines, it can spread to the blood and nervous system.  As a result, victims of polio often become （6）paralyzed.  They lose the ability to move.  This paralysis⁴ is almost always permanent.  In very serious cases, the paralysis can lead to death because victims are not able to breathe. 
There is no cure for polio, so the best treatment is prevention.  A few drops of a powerful vaccine⁵ medicine will protect a child for life. The vaccine must be given over several years to be fully⁶ effective.
Carol Bellamy is the head of the United Nations children's organization, UNICEF.  She says the success of the U-N polio campaign depends on how quickly children can be （7）vaccinated⁷.  For example, last August polio spread through the small West African island nation of Cape⁸ Verde.  Seventeen children died from the disease.  Forty-four others were paralyzed before health workers could control the disease.  
Last year alone, medical workers vaccinated five- hundred- fifty- million children under age five in eighty-two countries.  Workers will begin vaccination⁹ campaigns in （8）Angola and Congo this year.  The goal of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative is to completely end the disease around the world by Two-Thousand-Five.  Officials estimate this will cost about one- thousand- million dollars.  
This VOA Special English Development Report was written by Jill Moss.

注释：
（1） polio[5pEJlIEJ]n脊髓灰质炎；小儿麻痹症
（2） eradication[ i7rAdi5keiFEn ]n.连根拔除, 根除
（3） mainly[5meInlI]adv.大体上, 主要地
（4） virus[ 5vaiErEs ]n.[微]病毒
（5） temperature[5temprItFE(r)]n.温度
（6） paralyze[5pArElaIz]v.使瘫痪, 使麻痹
（7） vaccinate[ 5vAksineit ]v.进行预防接种n.被接种牛痘者
（8） Angola [ AN5^EulE ] n. 安哥拉

1 moss   

n.苔，藓，地衣

参考例句：

• Moss grows on a rock.苔藓生在石头上。
• He was found asleep on a pillow of leaves and moss.有人看见他枕着树叶和苔藓睡着了。

2 eradication   

n.根除

参考例句：

• The eradication of an established infestation is not easy. 根除昆虫蔓延是不容易的。
• This is often required for intelligent control and eradication. 这经常需要灵巧的控制与消除。

3 intestines   

n.肠( intestine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Perhaps the most serious problems occur in the stomach and intestines. 最严重的问题或许出现在胃和肠里。 来自辞典例句
• The traps of carnivorous plants function a little like the stomachs and small intestines of animals. 食肉植物的捕蝇器起着动物的胃和小肠的作用。 来自辞典例句

4 paralysis   

n.麻痹(症)；瘫痪(症)

参考例句：

• The paralysis affects his right leg and he can only walk with difficulty.他右腿瘫痪步履维艰。
• The paralysis affects his right leg and he can only walk with difficulty.他右腿瘫痪步履维艰。

5 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

6 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

7 vaccinated   

[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的

参考例句：

• I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

8 cape   

n.海角，岬；披肩，短披风

参考例句：

• I long for a trip to the Cape of Good Hope.我渴望到好望角去旅行。
• She was wearing a cape over her dress.她在外套上披着一件披肩。

9 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。