2006年VOA标准英语-Career of Top Bosnian Serb War Crimes Susp

By Slobodan Svrzo and Alen Mlatisuma
Washington, DC
23 January 2006
 
watch Ratko Mladic report

The chief United Nations prosecutor¹ says war crimes suspect Ratko Mladic is hiding in Serbia under the protection of the Serbian army. Mladic has been on the run for 10 years now. A profile of who he is and what he is alleged² to have done, narrated³ by Mil Arcega.

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Ratko Mladic  
  

Ratko Mladic was born in 1942, near Kalinovik in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and grew up during the socialist⁴ period in Yugoslavia's history, when the government made a conscious effort to foster a spirit of brotherhood⁵ and unity⁶ among the country's ethnic⁷ groups. He became an officer in Marshall Tito's Yugoslav People's Army.

As Yugoslavia began to disintegrate⁸ in 1991, he was sent to lead the Yugoslav Army's 9th Corps⁹ against the forces of Croatia, which had just declared its independence. He helped to establish the Republic of Serbian Krajina, a pseudo-state which lasted only as long as the war in Bosnia, then reverted¹⁰ to Croatian rule. During his time in Krajina, he helped the forces led by Milan Martic, now facing trial in The Hague, accused of ethnic cleansing¹¹.

In April 1992, just before the war in Bosnia started, Mladic was made a lieutenant¹² general, for a "job well done" in Croatia. Mladic was sent to Sarajevo. The Bosnian Serb Assembly voted to create the Bosnian Serb Army, and appointed Mladic commander.

 
Slobodan Milosevic
  
"On April 27, 1992, (Serbian President Slobodan) Milosevic announced a new state, Yugoslavia, comprising Serbia and Montenegro," former President Bill Clinton wrote in his memoirs¹³, adding, "He then made a show of withdrawing his army from Bosnia, while leaving armaments, supplies and Bosnian Serb soldiers under leadership of his handpicked commander, Ratko Mladic."

What Mladic allegedly did next is documented by the United Nations War Crime Tribunal in The Hague. In 1995 it indicted¹⁴ him for genocide, crimes against humanity and violation¹⁵ of the laws of war. He is accused of mass killings¹⁶, persecution¹⁷ and terror against Bosnian Muslim and Croat civilians¹⁸.

In detention¹⁹ facilities run by Bosnian Serb forces, such as Omarska, Keraterm and Luka, Bosniaks and Croats were tortured, raped²⁰ and humiliated²¹. Conditions in the facilities were inhumane; food rations²² and medical care inadequate²³.

Mladic is accused of being the mastermind and one of the key figures in the almost four-year siege of Sarajevo, during which several thousand Sarajevo citizens, including Serbs that stayed in their hometown, were killed or died of hunger and cold. Constant shelling destroyed apartment buildings and homes as well as many cultural and historic monuments.

In November of 1995, the Tribunal amended²⁴ the charges against General Mladic. He was designated the main strategist and mastermind of the most brutal²⁵ war crime after the World War II -- the massacre²⁶ of more than 7500 Bosniak boys and men after taking over Srebrenica, an enclave protected by the UN.

After the city was heavily bombarded for five days, General Mladic, accompanied by Serbian TV crews, entered Srebrenica, promising²⁷ that no innocent individual would be hurt if they surrendered to Serbian forces.

Women and children were transported by buses and trucks to Tuzla, while men, aged²⁸ 12 to 77, were kept, allegedly just for interrogation. They were all killed over the next five days, many by commandos hired by Mladic.

After the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina came to an end, Mladic returned to Belgrade, enjoying the open support and protection of Milosevic's regime. He openly visited public places, expensive restaurants and soccer matches.

"They have to admit the fact that I am valuable, and that my people protect me," he said.

Milosevic could not protect him forever. The former Serbian and Yugoslav president was forced from power after NATO forces drove his armies from Kosovo. He was arrested and extradited to the Hague Tribunal.

With the fall of Milosevic, Mladic also disappeared from public life. According to the Belgrade officials he was last seen in June of 2002. Some reports say he took refuge in Yugoslav Army underground bunkers and military barracks. 

 
Nicholas Burns 
  
Nicholas Burns is a U.S. Undersecretary of State. "He was protected on a Serb military base for eight years. He lived on a Serb military base. It doesn't stand to reason that the Serb government does not know where he is. And, so, we call upon Serb government in Belgrade to find him, and if he won't surrender voluntarily, to transfer him to The Hague. Until the Serb government does that, they can't have normal relationship with my country," said Mr. Burns.

The European Union is also increasing pressure on Serbia to hand Mladic over to the War Crimes Tribunal, warning Serbia's hopes for EU membership could be in jeopardy²⁹ if it does not cooperate.

1 prosecutor   

n.起诉人；检察官，公诉人

参考例句：

• The defender argued down the prosecutor at the court.辩护人在法庭上驳倒了起诉人。
• The prosecutor would tear your testimony to pieces.检查官会把你的证言驳得体无完肤。

2 alleged   

a.被指控的，嫌疑的

参考例句：

• It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。
• alleged irregularities in the election campaign 被指称竞选运动中的不正当行为

3 narrated   

v.故事( narrate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Some of the story was narrated in the film. 该电影叙述了这个故事的部分情节。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Defoe skilfully narrated the adventures of Robinson Crusoe on his desert island. 笛福生动地叙述了鲁滨逊·克鲁索在荒岛上的冒险故事。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

4 socialist   

n.社会主义者；adj.社会主义的

参考例句：

• China is a socialist country,and a developing country as well.中国是一个社会主义国家，也是一个发展中国家。
• His father was an ardent socialist.他父亲是一个热情的社会主义者。

5 brotherhood   

n.兄弟般的关系，手中情谊

参考例句：

• They broke up the brotherhood.他们断绝了兄弟关系。
• They live and work together in complete equality and brotherhood.他们完全平等和兄弟般地在一起生活和工作。

6 unity   

n.团结，联合，统一；和睦，协调

参考例句：

• When we speak of unity,we do not mean unprincipled peace.所谓团结，并非一团和气。
• We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.大敌当前，我们必须加强团结。

7 ethnic   

adj.人种的，种族的，异教徒的

参考例句：

• This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏，这首乐曲将更具民族特色。
• The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。

8 disintegrate   

v.瓦解，解体，（使）碎裂，（使）粉碎

参考例句：

• The older strata gradually disintegrate.较老的岩层渐渐风化。
• The plane would probably disintegrate at that high speed.飞机以那么高速飞行也许会四分五裂。

9 corps   

n.(通信等兵种的)部队；(同类作的)一组

参考例句：

• The medical corps were cited for bravery in combat.医疗队由于在战场上的英勇表现而受嘉奖。
• When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时，他自愿参加了海军陆战队。

10 reverted   

恢复( revert的过去式和过去分词 )； 重提； 回到…上； 归还

参考例句：

• After the settlers left, the area reverted to desert. 早期移民离开之后，这个地区又变成了一片沙漠。
• After his death the house reverted to its original owner. 他死后房子归还给了原先的主人。

11 cleansing   

n. 净化(垃圾) adj. 清洁用的 动词cleanse的现在分词

参考例句：

• medicated cleansing pads for sensitive skin 敏感皮肤药物清洗棉
• Soap is not the only cleansing agent. 肥皂并不是唯一的清洁剂。

12 lieutenant   

n.陆军中尉，海军上尉；代理官员，副职官员

参考例句：

• He was promoted to be a lieutenant in the army.他被提升为陆军中尉。
• He prevailed on the lieutenant to send in a short note.他说动那个副官，递上了一张简短的便条进去。

13 memoirs   

n.回忆录；回忆录传( mem,自oir的名词复数)

参考例句：

• Her memoirs were ghostwritten. 她的回忆录是由别人代写的。
• I watched a trailer for the screenplay of his memoirs. 我看过以他的回忆录改编成电影的预告片。 来自《简明英汉词典》

14 indicted   

控告，起诉( indict的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The senator was indicted for murder. 那位参议员被控犯谋杀罪。
• He was indicted by a grand jury on two counts of murder. 他被大陪审团以两项谋杀罪名起诉。

15 violation   

n.违反(行为)，违背(行为)，侵犯

参考例句：

• He roared that was a violation of the rules.他大声说，那是违反规则的。
• He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation.他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。

16 killings   

谋杀( killing的名词复数 )； 突然发大财，暴发

参考例句：

• His statement was seen as an allusion to the recent drug-related killings. 他的声明被视为暗指最近与毒品有关的多起凶杀案。
• The government issued a statement condemning the killings. 政府发表声明谴责这些凶杀事件。

17 persecution   

n. 迫害,烦扰

参考例句：

• He had fled from France at the time of the persecution. 他在大迫害时期逃离了法国。
• Their persecution only serves to arouse the opposition of the people. 他们的迫害只激起人民对他们的反抗。

18 civilians   

平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )； 老百姓

参考例句：

• the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
• At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后，至少有300名平民下落不明。

19 detention   

n.滞留，停留；拘留，扣留；(教育)留下

参考例句：

• He was kept in detention by the police.他被警察扣留了。
• He was in detention in connection with the bribery affair.他因与贿赂事件有牵连而被拘留了。

20 raped   

v.以暴力夺取，强夺( rape的过去式和过去分词 )；强奸

参考例句：

• A young woman was brutally raped in her own home. 一名年轻女子在自己家中惨遭强暴。 来自辞典例句
• We got stick together, or we will be having our women raped. 我们得团结一致，不然我们的妻女就会遭到蹂躏。 来自辞典例句

21 humiliated   

感到羞愧的

参考例句：

• Parents are humiliated if their children behave badly when guests are present. 子女在客人面前举止失当，父母也失体面。
• He was ashamed and bitterly humiliated. 他感到羞耻，丢尽了面子。

22 rations   

定量( ration的名词复数 )； 配给量； 正常量； 合理的量

参考例句：

• They are provisioned with seven days' rations. 他们得到了7天的给养。
• The soldiers complained that they were getting short rations. 士兵们抱怨他们得到的配给不够数。

23 inadequate   

adj.(for,to)不充足的，不适当的

参考例句：

• The supply is inadequate to meet the demand.供不应求。
• She was inadequate to the demands that were made on her.她还无力满足对她提出的各项要求。

24 Amended   

adj. 修正的 动词amend的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• He asked to see the amended version. 他要求看修订本。
• He amended his speech by making some additions and deletions. 他对讲稿作了些增删修改。

25 brutal   

adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的

参考例句：

• She has to face the brutal reality.她不得不去面对冷酷的现实。
• They're brutal people behind their civilised veneer.他们表面上温文有礼，骨子里却是野蛮残忍。

26 massacre   

n.残杀，大屠杀；v.残杀，集体屠杀

参考例句：

• There was a terrible massacre of villagers here during the war.在战争中，这里的村民惨遭屠杀。
• If we forget the massacre,the massacre will happen again!忘记了大屠杀，大屠杀就有可能再次发生！

27 promising   

adj.有希望的，有前途的

参考例句：

• The results of the experiments are very promising.实验的结果充满了希望。
• We're trying to bring along one or two promising young swimmers.我们正设法培养出一两名有前途的年轻游泳选手。

28 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。

29 jeopardy   

n.危险；危难

参考例句：

• His foolish behaviour may put his whole future in jeopardy.他愚蠢的行为可能毁了他一生的前程。
• It is precisely at this juncture that the boss finds himself in double jeopardy.恰恰在这个关键时刻，上司发现自己处于进退两难的境地。