2006年VOA标准英语-Sudan's Polio Immunization Campaign at Risk

By Lisa Schlein
Geneva
05 November 2006 

		vaccinates2 a boy against polio in Kalma Camp near southern Darfur (File photo)" src="/upimg/allimg/070508/0937510.jpg" width="210" border="0" /> Sudanese Red Crescent employee vaccinates a boy against polio in Kalma Camp near southern Darfur (File photo)

The ministries³ of health in both northern and southern Sudan, backed by the U.N. children's fund, the World Health Organization and other partners, are starting a polio immunization campaign in the African country.  The groups aim to vaccinate¹ nearly eight million children under five across the country in the next three days, but the big question is whether the warring factions⁴ in Darfur will allow the campaign to take place.

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The aid agencies are calling on everyone to ensure the safety of people who administer the vaccines⁵, especially in the conflict-ridden province of Darfur.

A spokesman for the U.N. children's fund, Michael Bociurkiw, says 40,000 vaccinators will travel from house to house in every community of the country. He says it is vitally important their lives not be put at risk.

"Safeguarding a child's health rises above any political differences that may exist in communities," he said. "It is imperative⁶ that where fighting continues, that vaccinators and monitors are guaranteed safe access and parents are able to present their children for vaccination⁷."

"UNICEF and everyone else involved in this campaign, including the World Health Organization and government partners," continued Bociurkiw, "we urge everyone involved to put their differences aside and allow that the vaccinators reach the children."

Sudan was close to being declared polio-free in 2004. But the disease broke out again in Darfur due to crowded camp conditions and ongoing⁸ displacement⁹. Emergency polio immunization campaigns followed and no cases have been reported anywhere in Sudan since June 2005. But UNICEF warns the risk of cross border transmission due to the movement of refugees remains¹⁰ high.

Bociurkiw says the aid workers' biggest fear is that the number and size of no-go areas in Darfur will expand and will prevent many children from being immunized.

"It is a problem that we are taking very seriously," he noted¹¹. "I know that we have just done a very extensive emergency preparedness plan to really map out the areas in Darfur where we can look ahead and get a better grasp of where we can and cannot go to deliver our services, for example, in health and water and sanitation," added Bociurkiw. "It is a very patchy map at the moment and again we are calling upon all parties to increase our access and guarantee our safety as humanitarian¹² aid workers."

There were 350,000 cases of polio around the world in 1988 when the World Health Organization launched its global polio eradication¹³ campaign. This number now stands at 1,526.

1 vaccinate   

vt.给…接种疫苗；种牛痘

参考例句：

• Local health officials then can plan the best times to vaccinate people.这样，当地的卫生官员就可以安排最佳时间给人们接种疫苗。
• Doctors vaccinate us so that we do not catch smallpox.医生给我们打预防针使我们不会得天花。

2 vaccinates   

给…接种疫苗( vaccinate的第三人称单数 )； 注射疫苗，接种疫苗

参考例句：

• The coverage rates of BCG,DPT,measles and polio vaccinates are 99 42%,99 79%,99 26%,99 21%,respectively. 1995 年“四苗”单项接种率分别为BCG99.42% 、TOPV99.21% 、DPT99.79% 、MV99.26% , “四苗”全程率98.84% 。

3 ministries   

（政府的）部( ministry的名词复数 )； 神职； 牧师职位； 神职任期

参考例句：

• Local authorities must refer everything to the central ministries. 地方管理机构应请示中央主管部门。
• The number of Ministries has been pared down by a third. 部委的数量已经减少了1/3。

4 factions   

组织中的小派别，派系( faction的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The gens also lives on in the "factions." 氏族此外还继续存在于“factions〔“帮”〕中。 来自英汉非文学 - 家庭、私有制和国家的起源
• rival factions within the administration 政府中的对立派别

5 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

6 imperative   

n.命令，需要；规则；祈使语气；adj.强制的；紧急的

参考例句：

• He always speaks in an imperative tone of voice.他老是用命令的口吻讲话。
• The events of the past few days make it imperative for her to act.过去这几天发生的事迫使她不得不立即行动。

7 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。

8 ongoing   

adj.进行中的，前进的

参考例句：

• The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
• The issues raised in the report relate directly to Age Concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。

9 displacement   

n.移置，取代，位移，排水量

参考例句：

• They said that time is the feeling of spatial displacement.他们说时间是空间位移的感觉。
• The displacement of all my energy into caring for the baby.我所有精力都放在了照顾宝宝上。

10 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

11 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

12 humanitarian   

n.人道主义者，博爱者，基督凡人论者

参考例句：

• She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业，并作了很大的贡献。
• The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。

13 eradication   

n.根除

参考例句：

• The eradication of an established infestation is not easy. 根除昆虫蔓延是不容易的。
• This is often required for intelligent control and eradication. 这经常需要灵巧的控制与消除。