VOA标准英语2009年-First Swine Flu Vaccinations Ready by Sept

The World Health Organization says it expects the first anti-Swine Flu vaccines² to be available in September. WHO says clinical trials to test their efficacy and safety are going on in five countries.
　
Technicians handle samples to be tested for swine flu at Dr. Carlos Malbran Institute of Biological Research in Buenos Aires, 30 Jul 2009

The World Health Organizations says vaccine¹ manufacturers are on track to develop a vaccine for the H1N1 virus, commonly known as swine flu. It says more than 400 shipments of different viruses [vaccine viruses are the starting materials that the manufacturers need to produce vaccines] have been made to all manufacturers and some of the experimental vaccines are now being used in clinical trials.

Director of WHO's Initiative for Vaccine Research, Marie-Paule Kieny, says some of the batches³ also are likely to be used in future vaccination⁴ campaigns. She says clinical trials of vaccine candidates are going on in China, Australia, the United Kingdom, Germany and the U.S. And, she expects more clinical trials of other vaccines will begin in other countries in the coming days.

"For the clinical trials who have started in July already, we should have early results during September, during the first half of September," Kieny said. "So, we will know after these clinical trials whether one or two doses will be needed. And, this will also give confirmation⁵ that the formulation that the vaccine manufacturers are using are indeed immunogenic and likely to give protection against the pandemic virus."

Dr. Kieny says media rumors⁶ that the quick development of vaccines makes them unsafe, in most cases, are unfounded. She says no vaccine carries zero risks. Some minor⁷ side effects are to be expected. She says occasionally someone might have a severe reaction to a vaccine. But, this only occurs in very rare cases.

"So, there is no doubt that if and when there will be very large-scale vaccination campaigns, there will be people who will have adverse⁸ events," Kieny said. "But, the large majority of those will not be associated at all with the vaccine, which is given. It will be temporarily associated, which means it is something which would have happened anyway, but, which just by chance happened after the person has had a vaccine. "

Kieny says the vaccine might cause fever, or pain, nausea⁹, diarrhea or fainting in some people. She says national regulatory authorities will closely monitor all sickness and adverse effects to see whether these side effects are linked to the vaccine or are just coincidental.

If pharmaceutical¹⁰ companies operate at full capacity, she says they could produce 94 million doses of the vaccine a week.

1 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

2 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

3 batches   

一批( batch的名词复数 )； 一炉； （食物、药物等的）一批生产的量； 成批作业

参考例句：

• The prisoners were led out in batches and shot. 这些囚犯被分批带出去枪毙了。
• The stainless drum may be used to make larger batches. 不锈钢转数设备可用来加工批量大的料。

4 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。

5 confirmation   

n.证实，确认，批准

参考例句：

• We are waiting for confirmation of the news.我们正在等待证实那个消息。
• We need confirmation in writing before we can send your order out.给你们发送订购的货物之前，我们需要书面确认。

6 rumors   

n.传闻( rumor的名词复数 )；[古]名誉；咕哝；[古]喧嚷v.传闻( rumor的第三人称单数 )；[古]名誉；咕哝；[古]喧嚷

参考例句：

• Rumors have it that the school was burned down. 有谣言说学校给烧掉了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Rumors of a revolt were afloat. 叛变的谣言四起。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 minor   

adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修

参考例句：

• The young actor was given a minor part in the new play.年轻的男演员在这出新戏里被分派担任一个小角色。
• I gave him a minor share of my wealth.我把小部分财产给了他。

8 adverse   

adj.不利的；有害的；敌对的，不友好的

参考例句：

• He is adverse to going abroad.他反对出国。
• The improper use of medicine could lead to severe adverse reactions.用药不当会产生严重的不良反应。

9 nausea   

n.作呕，恶心；极端的憎恶(或厌恶)

参考例句：

• Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕期常有恶心的现象。
• He experienced nausea after eating octopus.吃了章鱼后他感到恶心。

10 pharmaceutical   

adj.药学的，药物的；药用的，药剂师的

参考例句：

• She has donated money to establish a pharmaceutical laboratory.她捐款成立了一个药剂实验室。
• We are engaged in a legal tussle with a large pharmaceutical company.我们正同一家大制药公司闹法律纠纷。