VOA标准英语2009年-5 Simple Measures to Help Protect from Swi

The International Federation¹ of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies is launching a global information campaign to help communities deal with the Swine Flu virus. The Red Cross says its main focus will be on the developing countries, which do not have the same level of medical and monitoring facilities as the developed countries.

The Red Cross says people in developing countries are most vulnerable to the H1N1 Swine Flu virus. But, they also are most likely not to have the information they need that could save their lives.

So, while the campaign is global, the Red Cross says a priority is to reach people in the most remote corners of the world within the next few weeks with its life-saving messages.
　
Tamman Aloudat, IFRC Sr. Officer, Health in Emergencies, at a press briefing about the H1N1 campaign in Geneva, Switzerland, 04 Sep 2009

Senior Red Cross Officer for Health in Emergencies, Tammam Aloudat, says countries in the Northern hemisphere have gone through the first wave of the Swine flu pandemic and now have to prepare for a second wave of the virus.

He says no one knows whether the second wave will be more severe than the first or will remain moderate.

"It does not really matter because in the best case scenario² we have today, we will still have a moderate virus that … is projected to cause several million deaths extra deaths than the usual influenza³ annual mortality, which means that even in the best-case scenario, we do have an emergency on our hand," said Aloudat. "An emergency of a scale different to what we have seen before in the modern era."

Pandemic experts explain a second wave does not necessarily entail⁴ any change in the composition of the virus. They say the virus can stay exactly the same. But, it usually finds more susceptible⁵ populations to infect among the people who did not get the disease in the first wave. So, they lack the immunity⁶ to fight off the disease.
　
Robert Kaufman, Head of IFRC human pandemic preparedness unit, at a Geneva press briefing about the H1N1 campaign, Switzerland, 04 Sep 2009

Head of the International Red Cross Federation's Influenza team, Robert Kaufman, says the impact of a novel virus on a community without immunity is not just about the number of illnesses and deaths. It is also about its ability to disrupt services.

"For example, we saw in the southern Hemisphere-in Chile, Argentina, certain parts of Bolivia where health facilities were overwhelmed. Operations for people were postponed⁷ because facilities and medical practitioners⁸ were preoccupied⁹ and needed to serve influenza like diseases or flu in particular," he said.

Pharmaceutical¹⁰ companies are developing vaccines¹² against H1N1. They are expected to be available in the coming weeks. But, there will not be enough vaccine¹¹ for everyone and there are fears that the developing countries will be short-changed.

While vaccines are important, Red Cross officials say they are not the only way for people to stay safe. They say those who follow five practices will greatly reduce the risk of becoming infected.

The message the Red Cross campaign is trying to get out is simple - wash your hands, cover your mouth, keep your distance, separate your sick and dispose of your waste properly.

1 federation   

n.同盟，联邦，联合，联盟，联合会

参考例句：

• It is a federation of 10 regional unions.它是由十个地方工会结合成的联合会。
• Mr.Putin was inaugurated as the President of the Russian Federation.普京正式就任俄罗斯联邦总统。

2 scenario   

n.剧本，脚本；概要

参考例句：

• But the birth scenario is not completely accurate.然而分娩脚本并非完全准确的。
• This is a totally different scenario.这是完全不同的剧本。

3 influenza   

n.流行性感冒，流感

参考例句：

• They took steps to prevent the spread of influenza.他们采取措施
• Influenza is an infectious disease.流感是一种传染病。

4 entail   

vt.使承担，使成为必要，需要

参考例句：

• Such a decision would entail a huge political risk.这样的决定势必带来巨大的政治风险。
• This job would entail your learning how to use a computer.这工作将需要你学会怎样用计算机。

5 susceptible   

adj.过敏的，敏感的；易动感情的，易受感动的

参考例句：

• Children are more susceptible than adults.孩子比成人易受感动。
• We are all susceptible to advertising.我们都易受广告的影响。

6 immunity   

n.优惠；免除；豁免，豁免权

参考例句：

• The law gives public schools immunity from taxation.法律免除公立学校的纳税义务。
• He claims diplomatic immunity to avoid being arrested.他要求外交豁免以便避免被捕。

7 postponed   

vt.& vi.延期，缓办，（使）延迟vt.把…放在次要地位；[语]把…放在后面（或句尾）vi.（疟疾等）延缓发作（或复发）

参考例句：

• The trial was postponed indefinitely. 审讯无限期延迟。
• The game has already been postponed three times. 这场比赛已经三度延期了。

8 practitioners   

n.习艺者，实习者( practitioner的名词复数 )；从业者（尤指医师）

参考例句：

• one of the greatest practitioners of science fiction 最了不起的科幻小说家之一
• The technique is experimental, but the list of its practitioners is growing. 这种技术是试验性的，但是采用它的人正在增加。 来自辞典例句

9 preoccupied   

adj.全神贯注的，入神的；被抢先占有的；心事重重的v.占据（某人）思想，使对…全神贯注，使专心于( preoccupy的过去式)

参考例句：

• He was too preoccupied with his own thoughts to notice anything wrong. 他只顾想着心事，没注意到有什么不对。
• The question of going to the Mount Tai preoccupied his mind. 去游泰山的问题盘踞在他心头。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 pharmaceutical   

adj.药学的，药物的；药用的，药剂师的

参考例句：

• She has donated money to establish a pharmaceutical laboratory.她捐款成立了一个药剂实验室。
• We are engaged in a legal tussle with a large pharmaceutical company.我们正同一家大制药公司闹法律纠纷。

11 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

12 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。