VOA标准英语2015--世界卫生组织报告称全球免疫率今年特别低

Global Immunizations Much Lower This Year, WHO Reports 世界卫生组织报告称全球免疫率今年特别低

Wars, disease, even personal choice have left children around the world, in rich countries and in poor, underimmunized. The World Health Organization says progress toward global vaccination¹ targets for this year are far off track.

"One out of five children is missed out of routine immunization," said the WHO's Dr. Jean-Marie Okwo-Bele, a public health expert.

In practical terms, this means that 1.5 million children will most likely die from preventable diseases, such as polio, measles² and tetanus.

It wasn't until mid-April that immunization programs started up again in the Ebola-stricken countries of West Africa. The WHO said most of the children who are missing their immunizations live in the world's poorest countries.

But some live in rich countries like the United States. The U.S. weathered a measles outbreak that started at the Disneyland amusement park in California last December and lasted until mid-April. Measles can kill. It can also cause blindness, hearing loss and permanent brain damage.

Some parents, however, are lobbying for the right to decide whether to vaccinate³. Many such parents are concerned that vaccines⁵ can cause autism, despite several studies that show it does not.

Yet another study disproving any connection between autism and a vaccine⁴ against measles and mumps⁶ has been published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. This study followed nearly 100,000 children who had been vaccinated⁷ up until the age of 5.

Dr. Anjali Jain of the Lewin Group, a health care consulting firm in Falls Church, Virginia, led the study. She said that "we found no evidence of a harmful association between the MMR vaccine and autism spectrum⁸ disorders⁹."

On a positive note, the Americas are now free of rubella, a viral disease similar to measles.  That's according to the Pan American Health Organization, which is part of the WHO.

The WHO aims to eliminate rubella from another region by the end of this year and redouble its efforts to make sure more children get the vaccinations¹⁰ they need to stay healthy and lead productive lives.

1 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。

2 measles   

n.麻疹，风疹，包虫病，痧子

参考例句：

• The doctor is quite definite about Tom having measles.医生十分肯定汤姆得了麻疹。
• The doctor told her to watch out for symptoms of measles.医生叫她注意麻疹出现的症状。

3 vaccinate   

vt.给…接种疫苗；种牛痘

参考例句：

• Local health officials then can plan the best times to vaccinate people.这样，当地的卫生官员就可以安排最佳时间给人们接种疫苗。
• Doctors vaccinate us so that we do not catch smallpox.医生给我们打预防针使我们不会得天花。

4 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

5 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

6 mumps   

n.腮腺炎

参考例句：

• Sarah got mumps from her brother.萨拉的弟弟患腮腺炎，传染给她了。
• I was told not go near Charles. He is sickening for mumps.别人告诉我不要走近查尔斯， 他染上了流行性腮腺炎。

7 vaccinated   

[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的

参考例句：

• I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

8 spectrum   

n.谱，光谱，频谱；范围，幅度，系列

参考例句：

• This is a kind of atomic spectrum.这是一种原子光谱。
• We have known much of the constitution of the solar spectrum.关于太阳光谱的构成，我们已了解不少。

9 disorders   

n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 )；凌乱；骚乱；（身心、机能）失调

参考例句：

• Reports of anorexia and other eating disorders are on the increase. 据报告，厌食症和其他饮食方面的功能紊乱发生率正在不断增长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The announcement led to violent civil disorders. 这项宣布引起剧烈的骚乱。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 vaccinations   

n.种痘，接种( vaccination的名词复数 )；牛痘疤

参考例句：

• Vaccinations ensure one against diseases. 接种疫苗可以预防疾病。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I read some publicity about vaccinations while waiting my turn at the doctor's. 在医生那儿候诊时，我读了一些关于接种疫苗的宣传。 来自《简明英汉词典》