VOA常速英语2019--美国卫生部辟谣：麻疹疫苗无毒无害且免费

Measles¹ kills about 100,000 people a year worldwide. The viral disease is easily preventable by vaccine², but in recent years, opponents of the vaccination³ have spread misinformation about the vaccine. The so-called anti-vaxxers, once considered fringe, have used Facebook and other social media to convince parents that vaccines⁴ cause autism and other problems for children. Sister of mine told me her friends had problems, difficulties. They actually told me story that one of their child was very, very what’s it called, he was responding normally, but once he got the vaccines he did not respond normally.

麻疹每年导致全球近10万人死亡。这种病毒性传播的疾病通过接种疫苗就可以轻松预防，但近年来，反对麻疹疫苗接种的人传播了有关该疫苗的不实信息。所谓的反疫苗接种者曾经本来人数不多，但如今，他们通过脸书等社交媒体来说服其他父母，告诉他们：疫苗会导致孩子出现自闭症等问题。我的姐姐告诉我，她的朋友因为接种疫苗而遇到了很多问题和麻烦。他们还告诉我一个故事：他们的一个孩子本来是正常的，但接种疫苗后，就开始出现异常症状。

New York City accounts for more than half of all US measles cases that occurred in the past year. New York City Mayor Bill DeBlasio declared measles a public health emergency last week and ordered mandatory⁵ vaccinations⁶ for parts of the city with a penalty of up to 1000 for failure to comply. But an ultra-orthodox Jewish group filed a lawsuit⁷ Monday challenging the order.

纽约占去年美国麻疹总病例的一半以上。上周，纽约市市长比尔·德布拉西奥宣布麻疹为公共健康紧急疾病，并要求纽约部分地区强制接种疫苗。拒绝配合者，将受到罚款，最高可达1000美元。不过，某极端正统派犹太团体周一提起了诉讼，质疑这项命令。

Health officials are tasked with containing the virus as well as the spread of misinformation. We need the religious leaders, we need the community leaders to kinda convince those people that they needed to protect not only their children, but they have a responsibility to the community and to society to help protect the community by developing the umbrella as I said of herd⁸ of immunity⁹. Measles are highly infectious disease and can lead to a long-term consequences if not treated.

一些卫生部的工作人员接到了任务，要遏制麻疹病毒以及不实信息的传播。我们需要各宗教领袖、各社群领导人让大家相信一件事，那就是他们不仅需要保护自己的孩子，也有责任对社群和社会负责，要助力保护社群，方式是构建这样一个免疫机制的保护伞。麻疹是传染性极高的疾病，如果不诊治，会出现长期后果。

One in 10 children with measles gets an ear infection. One in 20 develops pneumonia¹⁰ and one in 1000 brain swelling¹¹. Some cases it is deadly. The good news is that measles is preventable. There is a highly effective vaccine that works and it’s been used time and time again to stop outbreaks, and the Health Department is able to provide the MMR vaccine to anyone who needs it free of charge. There are also large outbreaks of measles in Europe and Israel as well as in some countries in South America, Africa and Asia. People traveling to those countries should make sure that they have been vaccinated¹².

有1/10的麻疹儿童患者会出现耳部感染。1/20的患者出现肺炎，1/1000的患者出现脑肿胀。一些病例甚至有致命的结果。好消息是：麻疹是可以预防的。有一种非常有效的疫苗，人们多次用它来阻止疾病爆发，卫生部可提供麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹的混合疫苗（MMR），而且完全免费。欧洲、以色列也出现了大规模麻疹疫情，此外还有南美洲、非洲、亚洲的一些国家。到访这些国家的人应该确保自己已经接种了疫苗。

1 measles   

n.麻疹，风疹，包虫病，痧子

参考例句：

• The doctor is quite definite about Tom having measles.医生十分肯定汤姆得了麻疹。
• The doctor told her to watch out for symptoms of measles.医生叫她注意麻疹出现的症状。

2 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

3 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。

4 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

5 mandatory   

adj.命令的；强制的；义务的；n.受托者

参考例句：

• It's mandatory to pay taxes.缴税是义务性的。
• There is no mandatory paid annual leave in the U.S.美国没有强制带薪年假。

6 vaccinations   

n.种痘，接种( vaccination的名词复数 )；牛痘疤

参考例句：

• Vaccinations ensure one against diseases. 接种疫苗可以预防疾病。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I read some publicity about vaccinations while waiting my turn at the doctor's. 在医生那儿候诊时，我读了一些关于接种疫苗的宣传。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 lawsuit   

n.诉讼，控诉

参考例句：

• They threatened him with a lawsuit.他们以诉讼威逼他。
• He was perpetually involving himself in this long lawsuit.他使自己无休止地卷入这场长时间的诉讼。

8 herd   

n.兽群，牧群；vt.使集中，把…赶在一起

参考例句：

• She drove the herd of cattle through the wilderness.她赶着牛群穿过荒野。
• He had no opinions of his own but simply follow the herd.他从无主见，只是人云亦云。

9 immunity   

n.优惠；免除；豁免，豁免权

参考例句：

• The law gives public schools immunity from taxation.法律免除公立学校的纳税义务。
• He claims diplomatic immunity to avoid being arrested.他要求外交豁免以便避免被捕。

10 pneumonia   

n.肺炎

参考例句：

• Cage was struck with pneumonia in her youth.凯奇年轻时得过肺炎。
• Pneumonia carried him off last week.肺炎上星期夺去了他的生命。

11 swelling   

n.肿胀

参考例句：

• Use ice to reduce the swelling. 用冰敷消肿。
• There is a marked swelling of the lymph nodes. 淋巴结处有明显的肿块。

12 vaccinated   

[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的

参考例句：

• I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？