VOA常速英语2019--电厂创造巨型锂电池

Power Plants Create Giant Water Battery

California promises to use 60 percent renewable energy sources for power generation by 2030 and all zero emission¹ sources by 2045.At Castaic Lake, north of Los Angeles, a power plant with a double reservoir may help them do that.It’s one of 40 pumped storage facilities around the United States that is used for large-scale energy storage.A smaller site helps San Diego meet its power requirements and more are planned.The idea is simple.When you have excess energy during the day, you pump the water up a hill, and it stays there. At the end of the day, you’re able to bring that generating unit online and then supply the energy back to the grid².Producing power without burning fossil fuels, most utilities scale power is stored this way, using water.A smaller amount is stored with batteries, the kind used in electric vehicles and modern devices.In our cell phones, you know, laptop computers, but they are expensive.

加州承诺到2030年将百分之六十的可再生能源用于发电，到2045年将全部零排放源用于发电。在洛杉矶北部的卡斯泰克湖，一座带有双蓄水池的发电厂可以帮助他们做到这一点。这是美国40个抽水蓄能设施之一，其用于大规模储能。较小的站点来满足圣地亚哥的电力需求，满足更多电力需求的方式仍在计划中。这个想法很简单。当你在白天有多余的能量时，你将水抽吸到山上，水就到了山上。在一天结束时，将该发电机组联机，然后将能量提供给电网。在不燃烧化石燃料的情况下就可以发电，大多数公用事业规模的电力用这种方式储存、使用水。较少量的电会存储在电动汽车和现代设备中的电池中。在我们的手机、笔记本电脑里，但它们很贵。

So the challenge is to make them larger for transportation and power system application and make it cost-effective.He foresees a future when electric vehicles are tapped for power when not in use.Solutions where these vehicles energy could be delivered to the grid, we call it V2GThat’s vehicle to grid, but it’s a long way in the future.For now, water is used to store large amounts of energy and Los Angeles power officials hope to build a major project at Lake Mead³ near Las Vegas where the Hoover Dam already generates hydroelectric power.If you could add some pumps and pipelines⁴ after it goes through the dam at some point downriver, pump it back upstream back into Lake Mead and just recirculate it,then you could actually increase the efficiency and optimize⁵ that asset.Creating a pump storage component⁶ to the existing power plant, further reducing carbon emissions⁷ in the region.

因此，面临的挑战是如何让电力更大，可运用到运输和电力系统中，并使其具有成本效益。他预见未来世界，电动汽车在不使用时可接通电源的。这种交通工具的能量输送到电网的解决方案，我们称之为V2G。意思是从交通工具到电网，但未来还有很长的路要走。目前，水被用来储存大量能源，洛杉矶电力官员希望在拉斯维加斯附近的米德湖开建一个重大项目，那里的胡佛水坝已经可以进行水力发电。如果您可以在下游的某个点通过大坝后添加一些泵和管道，将其向上游泵，泵回到米德湖并再循环它，那么您实际上可以提高效率并优化利用，从而给现有的发电厂创建一个泵存储组件，进一步减少该地区的碳排放。

1 emission   

n.发出物，散发物；发出，散发

参考例句：

• Rigorous measures will be taken to reduce the total pollutant emission.采取严格有力措施，降低污染物排放总量。
• Finally,the way to effectively control particulate emission is pointed out.最后，指出有效降低颗粒排放的方向。

2 grid   

n.高压输电线路网；地图坐标方格；格栅

参考例句：

• In this application,the carrier is used to encapsulate the grid.在这种情况下，要用载体把格栅密封起来。
• Modern gauges consist of metal foil in the form of a grid.现代应变仪则由网格形式的金属片组成。

3 mead   

n.蜂蜜酒

参考例句：

• He gave me a cup of mead.他给我倒了杯蜂蜜酒。
• He drank some mead at supper.晚饭时他喝了一些蜂蜜酒。

4 pipelines   

管道( pipeline的名词复数 )； 输油管道； 在考虑（或规划、准备） 中； 在酿中

参考例句：

• The oil is carried to the oil refinery by pipelines. 石油通过输油管输送到炼油厂。
• The oil carried in pipelines. 石油用管道输送。

5 optimize   

v.使优化 [=optimise]

参考例句：

• We should optimize the composition of the Standing Committees.优化人大常委会组成人员的结构。
• We should optimize our import mix and focus on bringing in advanced technology and key equipment.优化进口结构，着重引进先进技术和关键设备。

6 component   

n.组成部分，成分，元件；adj.组成的，合成的

参考例句：

• Each component is carefully checked before assembly.每个零件在装配前都经过仔细检查。
• Blade and handle are the component parts of a knife.刀身和刀柄是一把刀的组成部分。

7 emissions   

排放物( emission的名词复数 )； 散发物（尤指气体）

参考例句：

• Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
• Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。