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WASHINGTON, Nov. 24 (Xinhua) -- An inexpensive drug that treats Type 2 diabetes1 has been shown to prevent a number of natural and man-made chemicals from stimulating2 the growth of breast cancer cells, according to a newly published study by a Michigan State University researcher.
The research, led by pediatrics professor James Trosko and colleagues from South Korea's Seoul National University, provides biological evidence for previously3 reported epidemiological surveys that long-term use of the drug metformin for Type 2 diabetes reduces the risk of diabetes-associated cancers, such as breast cancers.
The research appeared online this week in PLoS One.
For the study, Trosko and colleagues focused on the concept that cancers originate from adult human stem cells and that there are many natural and man-made chemicals that enhance the growth of breast cancer cells. Using culture dishes, they grew miniature human breast tumors, or mammospheres, that activated5 a certain stem cell gene6.
Then the mammospheres were exposed to natural estrogen -- a known growth factor and potential breast tumor4 promoter -- and man-made chemicals that are known to promote tumors or disrupt the endocrine system.
The team found that estrogen and the chemicals caused the mammospheres to increase in numbers and size. However, with metformin added, the numbers and size of the mammospheres were dramatically reduced. While each of the chemicals enhanced growth by different means, metformin seemed to be able to inhibit7 their stimulated8 growth in all cases.
"While future studies are needed to understand the exact mechanism9 by which metformin works to reduce the growth of breast cancers, this study reveals the need to determine if the drug might be used as a preventive drug and for individuals who have no indication of any existing cancers," Trosko said.
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1 diabetes | |
n.糖尿病 | |
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2 stimulating | |
adj.有启发性的,能激发人思考的 | |
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3 previously | |
adv.以前,先前(地) | |
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4 tumor | |
n.(肿)瘤,肿块(英)tumour | |
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5 activated | |
adj. 激活的 动词activate的过去式和过去分词 | |
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6 gene | |
n.遗传因子,基因 | |
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7 inhibit | |
vt.阻止,妨碍,抑制 | |
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8 stimulated | |
a.刺激的 | |
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9 mechanism | |
n.机械装置;机构,结构 | |
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