美国国家公共电台 NPR--Study: Most textbooks don't include key events in U.S. history that involve Latinos

Study: Most textbooks don't include key events in U.S. history that involve Latinos

Transcript¹

NPR's A Martinez speaks with Viviana López Green, senior director of the racial equity² initiative at UnidosUS, about the lack of Latino history in high school textbooks.

STEVE INSKEEP, HOST:

How much Latino history could you find if you flipped³ through U.S. history textbooks? Researchers at Johns Hopkins University tried that along with the civil rights organization Unidos U.S. Most key events in Latino U.S. history were missing from those books or just got a brief mention. Advanced placement, or AP, U.S. history textbooks did a little better. Our colleague A Martínez spoke⁴ with one of the study's lead authors, Viviana Lopez Green of Unidos U.S.

VIVIANA LOPEZ GREEN: Many Americans don't know that Puerto Rico is a U.S. territory and that Puerto Ricans are U.S. citizens. And so that's an example.

A MART?NEZ, BYLINE⁵: Could it be that the publishers of these history textbooks simply don't have people on staff that would even think to add this kind of history into these books? I mean, after all, as you said, all of these things happened in the United States, so it is U.S. history.

LOPEZ GREEN: Yes. That is definitely a big factor and a big element of this gap, representation of who is drafting, who is writing these books, as we see in the same in newsrooms, in newspapers and in other industries.

MART?NEZ: Did any textbooks do at least OK?

LOPEZ GREEN: Yes. We analyzed⁶ two of the AP history U.S. history books do cover in a better way some of this content. So we are hoping that this report, this study sparks a movement to allow the regular textbook to include some of this content because, as you know, not every student is offered the AP class.

MART?NEZ: So when a kid in school takes a look at the history of the United States in a textbook and does not see them reflected in it, what kind of a message does that send to that kid?

LOPEZ GREEN: Well, the foundation for this study is that there is other studies on education that have proved that it is important for a kid to see themself reflected in the curriculum that they are studying and that there is a direct correlation⁷ between that and the engagement that that kid has in a school. And we also know that not only the Latino kid that will see himself or herself represented in the curriculum will benefit, but everybody in the classroom will benefit from everybody being included.

MART?NEZ: So, Viviana, what would be a reasonable solution to this? Should there be a textbook about Latinos in U.S. history? Or what exactly do you think would be a good solution for this?

LOPEZ GREEN: We believe that we just need these seminal⁸ topics to be included in the regular U.S. history textbooks in high school. We are not asking for a special Latino studies or Latino history class. Given the roots of the Latino community in this country, it is important to include these basic foundational facts about the community in a regular history class.

MART?NEZ: Viviana Lopez Green is senior director of the racial equity initiative at Unidos U.S.

Viviana, thanks a lot.

LOPEZ GREEN: Thank you.

1 transcript   

n.抄本，誊本，副本，肄业证书

参考例句：

• A transcript of the tapes was presented as evidence in court.一份录音带的文字本作为证据被呈交法庭。
• They wouldn't let me have a transcript of the interview.他们拒绝给我一份采访的文字整理稿。

2 equity   

n.公正，公平，（无固定利息的）股票

参考例句：

• They shared the work of the house with equity.他们公平地分担家务。
• To capture his equity,Murphy must either sell or refinance.要获得资产净值，墨菲必须出售或者重新融资。

3 flipped   

轻弹( flip的过去式和过去分词 )； 按（开关）； 快速翻转； 急挥

参考例句：

• The plane flipped and crashed. 飞机猛地翻转，撞毁了。
• The carter flipped at the horse with his whip. 赶大车的人扬鞭朝着马轻轻地抽打。

4 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

5 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

6 analyzed   

v.分析( analyze的过去式和过去分词 )；分解；解释；对…进行心理分析

参考例句：

• The doctors analyzed the blood sample for anemia. 医生们分析了贫血的血样。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The young man did not analyze the process of his captivation and enrapturement, for love to him was a mystery and could not be analyzed. 这年轻人没有分析自己蛊惑著迷的过程，因为对他来说，爱是个不可分析的迷。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 correlation   

n.相互关系，相关，关连

参考例句：

• The second group of measurements had a high correlation with the first.第二组测量数据与第一组高度相关。
• A high correlation exists in America between education and economic position.教育和经济地位在美国有极密切的关系。

8 seminal   

adj.影响深远的；种子的

参考例句：

• The reforms have been a seminal event in the history of the NHS.这些改革已成为英国国民保健制度史上影响深远的一件大事。
• The emperor's importance as a seminal figure of history won't be diminished.做为一个开创性历史人物的重要性是不会减弱的。