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美海军枪击案后重审精神问题

The emotional state of the gunman in the Navy Yard shooting has emerged as a central element of the investigation¹, with questions being raised about why Navy contractor² Aaron Alexis retained a security clearance³ despite a background of psychiatric problems.

华盛顿海军设施枪击案凶手的精神状况成为调查的一个重点，人们质疑，为什么曾经有过精神问题的海军合同工阿伦?亚历克西斯通过了背景调查。

The more investigators⁴ learn about Aaron Alexis from police, military, and medical records, the more questions come up about why he retained his security clearance and the badge that allowed him to enter a Naval⁵ building in the U.S. Capital and kill 12 people.

调查人员从警察、部队和医疗记录中对亚历克西斯了解越多，问题也越多，他为什么可以通过背景调查，获得出入证，让他进入海军大楼，杀害12个人。

Rear Admiral John Kirby, a spokesman for the Navy, said this is among the matters being looked into.

美国海军发言人约翰?科比少将说调查人员正在仔细研究他的背景

"Investigators are looking at this background very carefully. We in the Navy are also taking a look at his time and service in the Navy to see if there is anything that we missed that maybe we need to have addressed a little bit differently, " said Kirby.

“我们海军也在调查他在海军服役期间的情况，看看有没有忽视任何情况，当时是否应该做出不同处理。”

Alexis had run-ins with the police, including gun offenses⁶ and misconduct while he was in the Navy, and more recent reports of psychiatric problems. He told police recently that he was hearing voices, information that police say they relayed to the Navy.

亚历克西斯有过警察记录，包括他在海军服役期间违反枪支法，还有不当行为，近期他还有精神问题。最近他告诉警察，他出现幻听，警察把这个情况转告给了海军。

He also sought treatment at a government-run medical facility for veterans.

亚历克西斯曾经到政府为退伍军人开设的一个诊所去寻求治疗。

That, before going to gun store and buying a weapon to carry out the shootings.

后来他来到这家商店，买了一支枪，进行这次枪击。

Defense⁷ Secretary Chuck Hagel has announced a broad investigation to see where the system failed.

国防部长哈格尔宣布，要展开广泛调查，寻找出了什么问题。

The shooting raises further questions about the military's screening for mental illness.

枪击案进一步提出了军队排查精神疾病患者的问题。

Last month, former Army intelligence analyst⁸ Bradley Manning, who had been diagnosed with gender⁹ identity and anxiety disorders¹¹, was sentenced for espionage¹² for the largest leak of classified information in U.S. history.

上个月，原美国陆军情报分析员布莱德利?曼宁被诊断出有性别认同问题和焦虑症，他因间谍罪被判刑，这是涉及美国历史上最严重的泄露机密文件案。

Barbara Van Dahlen, a clinical psychologist, founded an organization that provides mental health services to veterans and believes the problem lies in recognizing the importance of mental health.

芭芭拉?冯?达伦是一名临床心理医生，她创立了一个组织，为退伍军人提供心理健康服务。她认为，问题在于人们没有意识到心理健康的重要性。

 “Our country is not very good at recognizing mental health as part of overall health so it's not just a military issue.  We don't often feel comfortable raising our hand and saying, 'gee¹³, I'm depressed¹⁴ or I'm anxious. I need some help.'  Within the military, even more so.  There's an ethos of 'be tough, handle things,'” said Van Dahlen.

“我们国家没有很好地认识到，心理健康是整体健康的一部分，这不仅仅是军队的问题。我们通常不好意思说，‘啊，我得了抑郁症，我得了焦虑症，我需要治疗。’军队中更是如此，他们的精神是‘要坚强，克服问题’。”

Alexis was never deployed¹⁵ to Iraq or Afghanistan and there are no indications he suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder¹⁰.  But Van Dahlen said reports of hallucinations and his recent visit to a hospital emergency room with complaints of insomnia¹⁶ could have triggered a closer look.

亚历克西斯没有去过伊拉克和阿富汗，没有迹象显示他患有创伤后应激障碍症。可是冯?达伦说，亚历克西斯反应有幻觉，最近又因为失眠去医院看急诊，这些都应该进行严密调查。

“You know, sleep disturbance¹⁷ often tells us, there's something going on, what is that about?  What is the agitation¹⁸ about?  And so we need to do a better job, and there's a lot of effort under way,” said Van Dahlen.

冯?达伦说：“失眠常常告诉我们，出问题了，问题在哪里？为什么不安？所以我们要更好地看待这个问题，有很多工作要做。”

The Defense Department is now taking a hard look at how its screening process can spot warning signs. Secretary Hagel said the Pentagon will be looking for what went wrong and where.

国防部正在认真检查如何在排查过程中发现应该警惕的信号。

“Why they didn't get picked up, why they didn't get incorporated into the clearance process, what he was doing, those are all legitimate¹⁹ questions that we're going to be dealing²⁰ with,” said Hagel.

哈格尔说：“为什么没有发现这些问题？为什么审查过程没有这些项目？肇事人当时在干什么？这些都是合理问题，我们要进行处理。”

With Aaron Alexis, none of the problems, taken individually, was enough to revoke²¹ his building pass and security clearance.  Now, officials are rethinking the process with the hopes of averting²² another tragedy.

在亚历克西斯案子中，任何一个问题单独来讲，都不足以取消他的出入证，或者不让他通过背景审查。现在，有关官员正在重新考虑背景调查过程，希望避免悲剧重演。