实用语法--句子成分

　　1. 表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。

　　例：Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)

　　Is it yours?(代词)

　　The weather has turned cold.(形容词)

　　The speech¹ is exciting.(分词)

　　Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)

　　His job is to teach English.(不定式)

　　His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)

　　The machine² must be out of order³.(介词短语)

　　Time is up. The class is over.(副词)

　　The truth⁴ is that he has never been abroad⁵.(表语从句)

　　2. 宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。

　　例：

　　His father named him Dongming.(名词)

　　They painted their boat white.(形容词)

　　Let the fresh⁶ air in.(副词)

　　You mustn’t force⁷ him to lend⁸ his money to you.(不定式短语)

　　We saw⁹ her entering¹⁰ the room.(现在分词)

　　We found¹¹ everything in the lab¹² in good order.(介词短语)

　　We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)

　　3. 英语五种基本句型列式如下：

　　基本句型一：SV(主+谓)

　　基本句型二：SVP(主+系+表)

　　基本句型三：SVO(主+谓+宾)

　　基本句型四：SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)

　　基本句型五：SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)

　　基本句型四：SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)

　　Uncle Li bought me a birthday present.

　　基本句型五：SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)

　　He painted the wall white.

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