（单词翻译:单击）
Calcium1-binding proteins - proteins which have the ability to store calcium ions and to bind2 onto calcium in the hydroxyapatite of the enamel3 surface.
Calculus4 - a hard deposit of calcified5 plaque6 which is found around the neck of the tooth. When it is above the free gingival margin7 (supra-gingival) it is white and chalky. When it is below (sub-gingival) it is dark and hard.
Candidiasis - an infection caused by Candida albicans, a normal commensal of the mouth; also called "thrush";
Capsule - a fibrous casing surrounding an organ or gland8; also a coating for some bacteria which protects them, from the bodies immune system. It is only the variety of Pneumococcus sp. which has a capsule which is able to pass the immune barrier and cause pneumonia9
Caries - the demineralisation, and breakdown10 of tooth structure by plaque acids.
Cariogenic - likely to cause caries. Sugar is cariogenic because it supports the growth of plaque
Carious plaque - types of plaque which are associated with caries .
Carnivorous - an animal whose diet consists of animal tissue.
CEJ - see cemento-enamel junction11.
Cell junctions12 - sites on the cell membrane13 where cells attach to neighbouring cells. There are three main types. 1. adhering junctions, which anchor cells to each other to resist separation. They may form a belt of adhesions between cells (as between muscle cells) or spot attachments14 like desmosomes which hold epithelial cells together. 2. tight junctions have no space between the membranes15 and allow no leakage16 between cells. They are found between cells of a secreting17 glands18 and between endothelial cells of blood vessels19 to prevent fluid leaking out. 3. gap junctions are channels which allow transfer of small molecules20 like ions, sugars and amino acids, between cells.
