专业术语—口腔生理学术语P1(英文详解)

（单词翻译:单击）

   Paracrine - cell messengers also called cytokines which are locally acting¹, produced by neighbouring cells or the extracellular matrix, as distinct from as distinct from endochrine or hormonal² messengers.

    Parakeratinised - an epithelium in which the superficial cells have not lost their nuclei³, but have become filled with keratin. see also keratinised

    Parasympathetic - part of the autonomic nervous system concerned with maintaining routine functions. Always acts as a balance to activity of the sympathetic nervous system.

    Pathogenic - able to cause disease.

    Pellicle - a thin layer of salivary⁴ proteins which forms on the surface of enamel⁵.

    Peptide bonds - a covalent bond made between the carbon atom of the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the nitrogen atom from the amine group of another. In the process a molecule⁶ of water is removed. Peptide bonds allow chains of amino acids to form polypeptides and proteins When peptide bonds are broken apart they need water to reform the amino acids. This process is known as hydrolysis, and occurs during cooking and in digestion⁷..

    Periaquaductal grey - is an integrative centre for inputs⁸ form the autonomic nervous system, the limbic system and from sensory⁹ and motor pathways. It has an inhibitory affect on pain transmission due to descending¹⁰ connections through the raphe nucleus¹¹ along the corticospinal tract¹² to the cells of the dorsal¹³ horn.

    Pericytes- small cells lying next to the endothelial cells of capillaries¹⁴ which have the capacity to differentiate¹⁵ into osteoblasts.

    Periodontal pocket - loss of epithelial attachment¹⁶ to the tooth, producing an increase in gingival sulcus depth beyond the normal 1-2 mm.

    Periosteum - a connective tissue layer containing osteoblasts on the external aspect of all bones. see alsoendosteum.

    Peritubular dentine - see intratubular dentine