经济学人24:意大利忠利保险换帅

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　　财经；意大利忠利保险换帅；再见，乔瓦尼；意大利最大保险公司的老板被解雇了。

　　Rarely elegant, often brutal¹, sacking the boss is a traumatic way to change direction. The dispatch of Giovanni Perissinotto, Generali’s chief executive since 2001, was no exception, but at least his end came swiftly. He was turfed out on June 2nd, just two days after Italy’s stockmarket regulator told Generali, the country’s largest insurance company, to convene² a board meeting to tackle a boardroom split. Mr Perissinotto has been replaced by Mario Greco, currently head of general insurance business at Zurich Insurance of Switzerland.

　　企业要转向，解雇老板这条路是伤痛的，很少能做到优雅，大多时候都很残酷。乔尼瓦·佩里斯诺托自2001年起就担任忠利保险首席执行官，那么现在他的离去也不例外。意大利证券市场调控机构要求意最大保险公司忠利集团召集董事会，解决董事成员之间的争议，两天之后，即6月2日，佩里斯诺托就被解雇了。现任瑞士苏黎世保险公司普通保险业务总裁的马里奥·格雷科将接替佩里斯诺托的位置。

　　The main charge that several directors levelled at Mr Perissinotto was that Generali had performed poorly on his watch. Recent figures bear that out. Profits slumped³ last year to 856m Euro(1.2 billion Dollar) from 1.7 billion Euro in 2010, and net profits in the first quarter of 2012 were down on the same period last year. Moreover, the Italian insurer’s stockmarket performance has been far worse than that of European competitors. Since the beginning of 2011 Generali’s shares have lost 37% while Zurich’s have declined by only 21%. Little wonder that one director told Mr Perissinotto bluntly that he was not up to the job.

　　有好几名董事不满意佩里斯诺托的表现，主要是认为他在任期间，忠利保险的表现很差。而且，最近的数据尤其令人担心：2010年的利润有17亿欧元，2011年下降到12亿欧元，2012年第一季度利润相比上年同期又有减少。另外，忠利保险的股票表现比欧洲同行差得多。自2011年初以来，苏黎世保险股价下跌了21%，可是忠利保险的股价竟下跌了37%。难怪一名董事直接对佩里斯诺托说他工作做的很差。

　　By tradition prudent⁴ in its investments, Generali has a large portfolio⁵ of government bonds but they are not as safe as they once seemed. Losses on Greek bonds contributed to last year’s sorry results and Generali’s holding of about 50 billion Euro of Italian bonds adds to the market’s wariness⁶. Moreover, its place in a web of business connections and some tricky⁷ shareholdings bring other problems. Its biggest shareholder⁸ is Mediobanca, an investment bank. Mediobanca is urgently trying to seal the rescue of one of Generali’s competitors. Rather than Mediobanca’s preferred candidate, Mr Perissinotto is thought to have encouraged a stronger rescuer from private equity⁹.

　　忠利保险在投资方向上保持着谨慎的传统，所以有很大一部分资产投资政府债券，可惜今日的政府债券并不如老一辈想的那么安全。去年的利润下降很大部分都得归因于在希腊政府债券上的损失。目前，忠利保险还持有500亿欧元的意大利政府债券，难免令市场担心其预期收益。另外，忠利保险在业务网所处的位置，以及一些棘手的股权问题又给公司带来另一些问题。米兰投资银行正急着救援忠利保险的一大竞争者，佩里斯诺托不是米兰投资银行的菜，不过他正努力游说一家更强大的私募股权公司救援忠利保险。

　　Mr Perissinotto’s replacement¹⁰ arrives with a bagful of insurance experience but mostly obtained in American, German and Swiss firms, where the business cultures are very different from Italy’s political wheeling, dealing¹¹ and compromising. Investors¹² expecting Mr Greco to transform Generali may be disappointed.

　　继任者格雷科确实有着丰富的保险业从业经验，不过大多数都是从美国、德国和瑞士公司得来的经验，这些国家商业的文化与意大利大不相同。意大利政治与商业纠葛颇多，政商交易、妥协之事也比较多。投资者当然希望格雷科能够带领忠利保险成功转型，只是，怕这希望最终还是要变为失望喽。

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