过去完成时的用法

　　He had¹ learnt some English before I went here. 在来这儿之前我学过一些英语。

　　He had written three stories by last year. 到去年他已经写了三篇故事。

　　We had cleaned the room when he got³ there. 当他到那儿时，我们已经把房子弄干净了。

　　He went there after he had finished⁴ his work. 他把事做完之后，就去哪儿了。

　　注意：当主句跟由before, after, as² soon as所引导的时间从句的动作连接很紧密时，从句也可用一般过去时。

　　He went there after he read the letter. 他看了那封信后就去那儿了。

　　(2) 过去完成时还经常用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。如：

　　He said⁵ he had been a soldier⁶. 他说他当过兵。

　　They said they had seen⁷ the film. 他们说这幕电影他们看过。

　　(3) 在hardly⁸ / scarcely⁹ …when…, no sooner…than… 两个结构中的主句通常要用过去完成时。如：

　　Hardly had I told her the news¹⁰ when she began to cry out. 她一听到这一消息就大哭了起来。

　　Scarcely had he finished his supper when he went out. 他已吃完晚饭就出去了。

　　No sooner had he fallen asleep¹¹ than he lay¹² down on the bed. 他一躺倒床上就睡着了。

　　(4) 动词expect¹³, hope¹⁴, suppose¹⁵, think, want等的过去完成时可用来表示未实现的计划、打算或希望。如：

　　I had hoped¹⁶ to see you. 我本希望来看你。

　　He had wanted to buy a house in Beijing. 他本想在北京买栋房子。

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