常春藤解析英语【12】Get Me Out of Here! 幽闭恐惧(在线收听

by Jerri Graham

As the elevator closes, your throat tightens, hands sweat, and mind races from one horrible thought to another. What if the doors won't open? _(1)_ You begin to panic and pull at your clothes in desperation. If this terror sounds familiar, you may suffer from claustrophobia.

Claustrophobia is an anxiety disorder involving the fear of confined spaces. When a claustrophobic is in an enclosed space, he or she may be prone to have panic attacks. _(2)_ Some claustrophobics may even pass out if they feel overwhelmed by a situation. To avoid these feelings, they try to keep away from circumstances that trigger the dreaded panic. _(3)_ Subways, buses, or other forms of mass transportation where people are packed side by side could >set offgetting around in this manner, a claustrophobic will choose to drive, walk, or ride a bike instead.

Treatment for claustrophobia is available and with determination, it can be overcome. _(4)_ These elements are psychoeducation, breathing re-training, cognitive therapy, and virtual reality (VR) exposure. The aim of psychoeducation is to educate the patient. In this element, they learn about the claustrophobia that plagues them. Breathing re-training is a way for patients to relearn how to breathe naturally. Cognitive therapy helps patients learn and interpret their claustrophobia. Lastly, there's VR exposure. _(5)_

Claustrophobia can be cured. Patients must be willing to work hard to help release themselves from the locked doors of this disorder.

(A) A claustrophobic may even go so far as to walk up a dozen flights of stairs just to avoid traveling in an elevator.

(B) In a virtual world, patients can experience being in a situation they fear without actually being there.

(C) These attacks can result in shortness of breath, an increase in the heart rate, and dizziness.

(D) The best treatment programs use four different components.

(E) What if you run out of air?

原来如此

1. 第一题空格应选 (E)
理由:

a. 空格前提到一个情境,情境中的主人翁似乎非常紧张不安,并问了一个问题:『如果门打不开怎么办?』(What if the doors won't open?)。

b. 由此推测,这主人翁应该有一连串的疑问或恐惧。而选项 (E) 亦是由 What if 引导的问句,符合上述推测。且门若打不开,可能会导致氧气不足(run out of air),语意连贯,故选之。

大补丸:
run out of...  用完……
例: Hurry up! We're going to run out of time and miss the train.
(快一点!我们快没时间了,就要错过火车了。)

2. 第二题空格应选 (C)
理由:

a. 空格前提到当
幽闭恐惧症患者在一个封闭的空间时,他的恐慌就会发作。空格后则提到,若情况更加严重,有些患者甚至会昏倒。

b. 由此推测,空格内应该举出患者的恐慌发作时会产生哪些症状。选项 (C) 说到一旦发作可能会导致呼吸困难、心跳加速和头昏。其中的 attacks 和前一句的 panic attacks 形成关键词,可知为正选。

大补丸:
a. result in...  导致∕造成……
= lead to...
例: The CEO's decisions resulted in his failure in the business world.
(那位执行长的决定导致自己在商场的失败。)
b. shortness n. 缺乏,不足
c. dizziness n. 晕眩,头昏

3. 第三题空格应选 (A)
理由:

a. 空格前说到,恐惧症患者为了避免这种感觉,会尽量远离可能引发这种恐慌的环境(keep away from circumstances that trigger the dreaded panic)。推测空格内应该是进一步说明恐惧症患者会采取何种措施来避免让自己感到恐慌。

b. 选项 (A) 提到,幽闭恐惧症患者会爬上好几层楼梯只为了避免搭乘电梯(avoid traveling in an elevator),与空格前的说法『尽量远离可能引发这种恐慌的环境』相呼应,故选之。

大补丸:
a. go so far as to V  甚至会做……
例: I can't believe that Carmen went so far as to lie to your boss to get you in trouble.
(我真不敢相信卡门会做出骗你老板,让你惹上麻烦的事来。)
b. flight n. 楼梯的一段

4. 第四题空格应选 (D)
理由:

a. 空格前提到幽闭恐惧症有方法(Treatment)可以医治,空格后则提到这些要素(elements)包含心理教育、呼吸再训练、认知疗法和虚拟实境曝露法。

b. 选项 (D) 提到,最好的疗程使用四种不同的构成要素。其中的 treatment 与空格前的 treatment 形成关键词,而 components 则和空格后的 elements 相呼应,可知 (D) 为正选。

大补丸:
component n. 构成要素

5. 第五题空格应选 (B)
理由:

a. 空格前提到虚拟实境曝露法,因此推测空格内应该继续说明该疗法的方法或成效。

b. 选项 (B) 提到,在虚拟的世界中,病患不用真正置身于令他们害怕的情况就能体验那样的情境。选项中的 in a virtual world(在虚拟世界中)和上一句的 VR (= virtual reality) exposure(虚拟实境曝露法)形成关键词,可知 (B) 为正选。

大补丸:
experience vt. 经历
例: Ken experienced a period of hardship after he was laid off.
(肯被裁员之后经历了一段苦日子。)

精解字词词组

1. in desperation  绝望
desperation n. 绝望
例: In desperation, the mountain climber was forced to cut off his own arm.
(在绝望中,那名登山客被迫截断自己的手臂。)

2. confined a.(空间)有限的,狭窄的
confine vt. 使受限
be confined to...  受限于∕局限于……
例: Sherry was confined to a wheelchair after she fell down the stairs.
(雪莉自从摔下楼梯后,就必须坐轮椅。)

3. feel overwhelmed by/with...  被……感觉淹没
例: The drunk driver felt overwhelmed by guilt after he got into an accident.
(意外发生后,那名酒醉的驾驶感到强烈的罪恶感。)

4. trigger vt. 引起
例: The star's constant appearances on TV triggered an increase in sales of her autobiography.
(该明星不断在电视上曝光,促使她的自传销量大增。)

5. set off...  引发……
例: The cat set off a sneezing attack that didn't stop for nearly an hour.
(那只猫引发的喷嚏将近一个小时都停不来。)

6. in this manner  以这种方式
例: When Gail behaves in this manner, I just ignore her and walk away.
(当盖儿出现这种举动时,我会视而不见地走开。)

7. plague vt. 困扰
be plagued with...  因……困扰
例: Even though they were plagued with financial problems, the young couple still saved money.
(虽然这对年轻夫妻有财务困难,但他们依然存了些钱。)

8. release A from B  将 A 从 B 释放出来
例: I hope that murderer is never released from prison.
(我希望那名杀人犯永远不要从牢里被释放出来。)

单字小铺

1. race vi. 加快速度

2. claustrophobia n. 幽闭恐惧症

3. claustrophobic n. 幽闭恐惧症患者

4. enclosed a. 密闭的

5. dreaded a. 可怕的

6. mass transportation n. 大众交通工具

7. overcome vt. 克服

8. element n. 要素

9. psychoeducation n. 心理教育学

10. cognitive a. 认知的

11. virtual reality n. 虚拟实境

12. interpret vt. 诠释,解释

词组小铺

1. be prone to...  有……倾向;易于……

2. pass out  昏倒(= faint)

3. side by side  并排地,肩并肩地

4. get around  四处走动

5. be willing to V  愿意做……

中文翻译&标准答案

当电梯关闭时,你的喉咙紧缩、双手冒汗,一幕幕恐怖的画面闪过你的脑海。如果门打不开怎么办?如果缺氧怎么办?你开始慌张起来并绝望地拉扯自己的衣服。如果这样的恐惧听起来很熟悉,你可能是患了幽闭恐惧症。

幽闭恐惧症是一种害怕密闭空间的焦虑失调。当一名幽闭恐惧症患者在一个封闭的空间时,他的恐慌就会发作。一旦发作可能会导致呼吸困难、心跳加速和头晕。若情况加重,有些患者甚至会昏倒。为了避免这种感觉,他们会尽量远离可能引发这种恐慌的环境。幽闭恐惧症患者甚至会爬上好几层楼梯只为了避免搭乘电梯。人潮拥挤的地铁、巴士或其它大众运输工具也可能引发恐惧。幽闭恐惧症患者会舍弃用这种方式通勤,而选择开车、走路或骑自行车。

幽闭恐惧症有方法可以医治,有毅力的话,还能痊愈。最好的疗程使用四种不同的构成要素。这些要素是心理教育、呼吸再训练、认知疗法和虚拟实境曝露法。心理教育的目的在于教育病患。在此方法中,他们学习困扰他们自身的幽闭恐惧症。呼吸再训练是让病患重新学习自然呼吸的方法。认知疗法协助病患学习并解读自己的幽闭恐惧症。最后是虚拟实境曝露法。在虚拟的世界中,病患不必真正置身于令他们害怕的情况,就能体验那样的情境。

幽闭恐惧症并非不治之症。但病患得愿意努力让自己脱离这道紧闭的恐惧症大门。

标准答案: 1. (E) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. (D) 5. (B)
 

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